Table 1.
Participant demographics and baseline variables (N=383).
| Variable | Overall | Study arm | ||||
|
|
|
Control (n=94) | CSa (n=94) | WWb (n=97) | BRc (n=98) | |
| Age (years), mean (SD; range) | 44.6 (14.3; 18-75) | 45.6 (14.2; 18-69) | 44.8 (14.3; 19-75) | 43.6 (14.7; 19-72) | 44.7 (14.3; 18-69) | |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Female | 199 (52) | 53 (56.4) | 41 (43.6) | 55 (56.7) | 50 (51) |
|
|
Male | 184 (48) | 41 (43.6) | 53 (56.4) | 42 (43.3) | 48 (49) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Whited | 311 (81.2) | 76 (80.9) | 79 (84) | 74 (76.3) | 82 (83.7) |
|
|
Blacke | 19 (5) | 4 (4.3) | 2 (2.1) | 7 (7.2) | 6 (6.1) |
|
|
Mixed or multiple | 12 (3.1) | 2 (2.1) | 3 (3.2) | 5 (5.2) | 2 (2) |
|
|
Asianf | 35 (9.1) | 11 (11.7) | 9 (9.6) | 9 (9.3) | 6 (6.1) |
|
|
Otherg | 6 (1.6) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1.1) | 2 (2.1) | 2 (2) |
| Employment, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Full-time | 238 (62.1) | 60 (63.8) | 63 (67) | 55 (56.7) | 60 (61.2) |
|
|
Part-time | 94 (24.5) | 26 (27.7) | 18 (19.1) | 28 (28.9) | 22 (22.4) |
|
|
Self-employed | 49 (12.8) | 8 (8.5) | 13 (13.8) | 13 (13.4) | 15 (15.3) |
|
|
Other | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
| Industry, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Agriculture, forestry, or mining | 1 (0.3) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
|
|
Industrials | 22 (5.7) | 4 (4.3) | 9 (9.6) | 3 (3.1) | 6 (6.1) |
|
|
Energy or utilities | 7 (1.8) | 2 (2.1) | 1 (1.1) | 2 (2.1) | 2 (2) |
|
|
Transport or logistics | 17 (4.4) | 2 (2.1) | 5 (5.3) | 6 (6.2) | 4 (4.1) |
|
|
Media or creative industries | 24 (6.3) | 6 (6.4) | 9 (9.6) | 4 (4.1) | 5 (5.1) |
|
|
Data or telecommunication | 18 (4.7) | 5 (5.3) | 5 (5.3) | 2 (2.1) | 6 (6.1) |
|
|
Health care | 40 (10.4) | 13 (13.8) | 6 (6.4) | 12 (12.4) | 9 (9.2) |
|
|
Education | 63 (16.4) | 17 (18.1) | 17 (18.1) | 12 (12.4) | 17 (17.3) |
|
|
Life sciences | 4 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | 2 (2.1) | 1 (1) |
|
|
Retail | 32 (8.4) | 2 (2.1) | 11 (11.7) | 8 (8.2) | 11 (11.2) |
|
|
Hospitality, leisure, or travel | 22 (5.7) | 8 (8.5) | 7 (7.4) | 3 (3.1) | 4 (4.1) |
|
|
Public or social service | 30 (7.8) | 8 (8.5) | 6 (6.4) | 7 (7.2) | 9 (9.2) |
|
|
Finances, insurance, or real estate | 22 (5.7) | 5 (5.3) | 4 (4.3) | 8 (8.2) | 5 (5.1) |
|
|
Professional services | 25 (6.5) | 7 (7.4) | 4 (4.3) | 8 (8.2) | 6 (6.1) |
|
|
Other | 56 (14.6) | 14 (14.9) | 9 (9.6) | 20 (20.6) | 13 (13.3) |
| Education, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
None | 4 (1) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
|
|
High school | 138 (36) | 30 (31.9) | 33 (35.1) | 36 (37.1) | 39 (39.8) |
|
|
Undergraduate degree | 172 (44.9) | 46 (48.9) | 41 (43.6) | 42 (43.3) | 43 (43.9) |
|
|
Postgraduate degree | 69 (18) | 18 (19.1) | 18 (19.1) | 18 (18.6) | 15 (15.3) |
| MHapph use (6 months), n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Yes | 74 (19.3) | 15 (16.0) | 17 (18.1) | 23 (23.7) | 19 (19.4) |
|
|
No | 306 (79.9) | 78 (83.0) | 76 (80.9) | 73 (75.3) | 79 (80.6) |
|
|
Maybe | 3 (0.8) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) |
| Therapy (6 months), n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Yes | 31 (8.1) | 6 (6.4) | 3 (3.2) | 12 (12.4) | 10 (10.2) |
|
|
No | 352 (91.9) | 88 (93.6) | 91 (96.8) | 85 (87.6) | 88 (89.8) |
| Proactive MHi care important, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Strongly disagree | 6 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.1) | 1 (1) | 3 (3.1) |
|
|
Disagree | 1 (0.3) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
|
|
Neither | 4 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) |
|
|
Agree | 75 (19.6) | 19 (20.2) | 25 (26.6) | 15 (15.5) | 16 (16.3) |
|
|
Strongly agree | 297 (77.5) | 74 (78.7) | 66 (70.2) | 80 (82.5) | 77 (78.6) |
aCS: combatting stress.
bWW: working with worry.
cBR: building resilience.
dWhite British and other British.
eAfrican, Caribbean, and Black British.
fChinese, Indian, Bangladeshi, Pakistani, and other Asian.
gArabian or any other ethnicity.
hMHapp: mental health app.
iMH: mental health.