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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Immunol. 2021 Jun;22(6):683–686. doi: 10.1038/s41590-021-00914-4

Fig. 1 |. Dysbiosis and gut permeability contribute to lupus disease.

Fig. 1 |

Expansion of pathogenic gut microbiota can lead to increased permeability of the gut epithelial barrier, providing a route through which bacteria and bacterial antigens can enter systemic circulation. The immune response to these foreign epitopes may generate self-reactive antibodies, such as anti-curli–DNA, and contribute to lupus pathology.