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. 2022 Mar 4;13:827242. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.827242

Table 1.

Factors predicting failure to achieve anti-spike binding Ab following two-doses of mRNA vaccine in selected studies of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in immunocompromised patients.

Condition % of patients who failed to seroconvert Factors associated with failure to seroconvert
People living with HIV (15, 82, 84) 2-12

  • - CD4+ T-cell counts < 200 cells/μL (15, 84)

  • - BNT162b2 versus mRNA-1273 vaccine (84)
Chronic inflammatory disease (85, 86, 89, 91) 11-18

  • - Age > 65 years (85)

  • - anti-CD20 (85, 86, 89, 91)

  • - glucocorticoids (85, 86, 89)

  • - CTLA4 agonist (85, 89)

  • - MMF (85, 89)

  • - Methotrexate (91)

  • - JAK inhibitor (89)
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (98–100) 33-60

  • - Age > 65 years (98, 100)

  • - Male (98)

  • - Active CLL treatment (particularly BTKi and anti-CD20 within 1 year of vaccination) (98–100)

  • - Low gammaglobulin or low IgG levels (98, 100)

  • - BNT162b2 versus mRNA-1273 vaccine (100)
B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (101, 102) 51-58

  • - Time since last anti-CD20 < 9 months (101, 102)

  • - ALC < 900 cells/μL (101, 102)
Myeloproliferative neoplasm (154) 14

  • - diagnosis of myelofibrosis (even untreated)

  • - JAK inhibitor
Multiple myeloma (103, 104) 16-22

  • - Absence of complete remission

  • - BCMA-targeted treatment

  • - anti-CD38 monoclonal Ab
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (113, 115, 117, 119, 146, 155, 156) 14-25

  • - ALC < 1000 cells/μL (113, 146)

  • - Systemic immunossupressive treatment in the last 3 months (113, 115, 146)

  • - anti-CD20 therapy in the year before vaccination (119, 146)

  • - Time from transplantation to vaccination < 1 year (146)

  • - moderate/severe chronic GVHD (115, 119, 146)

  • - low memory B cell counts (119)

  • - low naive T cell counts (119)
Solid organ transplantation (120, 121, 123–125, 127) 46-82

  • - Short time between transplantation and vaccination (120, 121)

  • - Number of immunosuppressive drugs (121)

  • - Anti-metabolite medication (120, 124)

  • - mTOR inhibitor (125)

  • - CTLA4 agonist (121, 123)

  • - BNT162.b2 versus mRNA-1273 vaccine (120, 121)

  • - ChAdOx1 versus BNT162b2 vaccine (127)

  • - Older age (120, 121)

  • - CD4 counts < 400 cells/μL (157)

  • - Lung transplantation (125)
Inborn errors of immunity (131, 133, 134, 155) 15-51

  • - XLA (no response as expected) (131, 134, 155)

  • - APECED (133)

  • - anti-CD20 therapy (133)

  • - CD3 counts < 1000 cells/μL (133)

  • - CD19 counts < 100 cells/μL (133)