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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 18.
Published in final edited form as: Glia. 2020 Sep 14;69(2):424–435. doi: 10.1002/glia.23907

Figure 1: Schematic depicting the ER stress response signaling pathway after SCI.

Figure 1:

Traumatic SCI initiates a cascade of cytotoxic events including starvation, oxidative stress and ER stress. A number of protective mechanisms are initiated to maintain cellular homeostasis, that include the integrated stress response (ISR) and the unfolded protein response (UPR). The ERSR initiates PERK-, IRE1-, and ATF6-dependent responses. We define the ISR as encompassing all of the four kinases that phosphorylate eIF2α (PERK, GCN2, HRI and PKR) and the UPR containing its master regulators (IRE1 and ATF6).