Model-predicted annual plant species richness showing interactions between current season water availability, previous season water availability, and urban location. Predicted values are shown only to illustrate the modeled interaction terms and are not forecasts. Predictions were generated using the top generalized linear mixed model with a hypothetical dataset containing pairwise combinations of previous and current season water availability across the observed range in urban and non-urban locations. All other variables were held constant, with no N and P addition, microhabitat under shrubs, and random intercept for the control plot at site UMP.