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. 2022 Jan 19;9:uhab072. doi: 10.1093/hr/uhab072

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nanjing Agricultural University

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Working model for graft incompatibility in Hm/Pt. The rootstock–scion interaction induced signals to cause TF gene activity. Differential expression of TFs could directly affect auxin and ABA signal transduction. Genes related to auxin and ABA were differentially expressed, causing a decrease in IAA and an increase in ABA level, and further acclimation to grafting-induced stress, such as water deficiency, starch accumulation and chlorophyll decreased. Metabolic disorder caused structural variation, and led to foliage etiolation. The red and green arrows indicate up- and down-regulation respectively. Square brackets contain reference numbers.