Table 2.
Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and swallow outcomes.
| All n(%) | Acceptable Swallowing n(%) | Poor Swallowing n(%) | OR Ɨ | 95% CIǂ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 59.4 (9.2) | 58.0 (9.2) | 62.5 (8.3) | 1.06 | 1.00–1.12 |
|
| |||||
| Age (dichotomous) | |||||
| Less than 60 | 45 (55) | 34 (61) | 11 (42) | ||
| 60 or Greater | 37 (45) | 22 (39) | 15 (58) | 2.11 | 0.82–5.42 |
|
| |||||
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 74 (90) | 50 (89) | 24 (92) | ||
| Female | 8 (10) | 6 (11) | 2 (8) | 0.69 | 0.13–3.70 |
|
| |||||
| Smoking | |||||
| Never | 31 (38) | 23 (41) | 8 (30) | ||
| Past | 33 (40) | 24 (43) | 9 (35) | 1.08 | 0.36–3.27 |
| Current | 18 (22) | 9 (16) | 9 (35) | 2.88 | 0.84–9.79 |
|
| |||||
| Smoking | |||||
| Never | 31 (38) | 23 (41) | 8 (31) | ||
| Past or Current Smoker | 51 (62) | 33 (59) | 18 (69) | 1.57 | 0.58–4.21 |
|
| |||||
| ACE | |||||
| 0 (None) | 33 (40) | 24 (43) | 9 (35) | ||
| 1 (Mild) | 40 (49) | 26 (46) | 14 (54) | 1.44 | 0.53–3.92 |
| 2 (Moderate) | 7 (9) | 4 (7) | 3 (11) | 2.00 | 0.37–10.75 |
| 3 (Severe) | 2 (2) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | NA | NA |
|
| |||||
| ACE | |||||
| None | 33 (40) | 24 (43) | 9 (35) | ||
| Comorbidities Present | 49 (60) | 32 (57) | 17 (65) | 1.42 | 0.54–3.72 |
|
| |||||
| Site (Consolidated) | |||||
| BOT | 42 (51) | 26 (46) | 16 (62) | ||
| Tonsil | 40 (49) | 30 (54) | 10 (38) | 0.54 | 0.21–1.40 |
|
| |||||
| Tumor Histology | |||||
| Well-differentiated | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| Moderately differentiated | 9 (11) | 4 (7) | 5 (20) | ||
| Poorly differentiated | 16 (20) | 10 (19) | 6 (24) | 0.48 | 0.09–2.52 |
| Non-keratinizing | 48 (61) | 36 (67) | 12 (48) | 0.27 | 0.06–1.16 |
| Other | 6 (8) | 4 (7) | 2 (8) | 0.40 | 0.05–3.42 |
| Missing | 3 | ||||
|
| |||||
| pT Pathologic Tumor Stage (AJCC 7th ed.) | |||||
| T3 | 45 (55) | 35 (63) | 10 (38) | ||
| T4a, T4b | 37 (45) | 21 (37) | 16 (62) | 2.67 | 1.02–6.95 |
|
| |||||
| pN Pathologic Nodal Stage (AJCC 7th ed.) | |||||
| N0 | 12 (15) | 11 (20) | 1 (4) | ||
| N1 | 7 (9) | 5 (9) | 2 (8) | 4.40 | 0.32–60.61 |
| N2a | 9 (11) | 8 (14) | 1 (4) | 1.38 | 0.07–25.43 |
| N2b | 30 (37) | 21 (37) | 9 (36) | 4.71 | 0.53–42.17 |
| N2c | 21 (26) | 9 (16) | 12 (48) | 14.67 | 1.59–135.32 |
| N3 | 2 (2) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | NA | NA |
| Missing | 1 | ||||
|
| |||||
| pStage Pathologic Stage (AJCC 7th ed.) | |||||
| I, II, III | 9 (11) | 8 (15) | 1 (4) | ||
| IVA, IVB | 71 (89) | 46 (85) | 25 (96) | 4.35 | 0.51–36.78 |
| Missing | 2 | ||||
|
| |||||
| Type of Surgical Treatment | |||||
| TLM | 74 (90) | 48 (86) | 26 (100) | ||
| TORS | 4 (5) | 4 (7) | 0 (0) | NA | NA |
| Loupes | 4 (5) | 4 (7) | 0 (0) | NA | NA |
|
| |||||
| BOT Resection | |||||
| 0–49% Resection | 53 (65) | 41 (73) | 12 (46) | ||
| ≥50% Resection | 29 (35) | 15 (27) | 14 (54) | 3.19 | 1.21–8.43 |
|
| |||||
| Lateral Pharynx/Tonsil Resection | |||||
| None to Parapharyngeal Fat Exposure | 73 (89) | 49 (88) | 24 (92) | ||
| Exposed Carotid | 9 (11) | 7 (12) | 2 (8) | 0.58 | 0.11–3.02 |
|
| |||||
| Soft Palate Resection | |||||
| 0–49% Resection | 77 (94) | 53 (95) | 24 (92) | ||
| ≥50% Resection | 5 (6) | 3 (5) | 2 (8) | NA | NA |
|
| |||||
| Neck Dissection | |||||
| None | 4 (5) | 3 (6) | 1 (4) | ||
| Ipsilateral | 40 (49) | 31 (55) | 9 (35) | 0.87 | 0.08–9.43 |
| Bilateral | 38 (46) | 22 (39) | 16 (61) | 2.18 | 0.21–22.95 |
|
| |||||
| Neck Dissection | |||||
| None or Ipsilateral | 44 (54) | 34 (61) | 10 (38) | ||
| Bilateral | 38 (46) | 22 (39) | 16 (62) | 2.47 | 0.95–6.43 |
|
| |||||
| CNX Resection | |||||
| None | 81 (99) | 56 (100) | 25 (96) | ||
| Performed | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | NA | NA |
|
| |||||
| CNXII Resection | |||||
| None | 73 (89) | 51 (91) | 22 (85) | ||
| Performed | 9 (11) | 5 (9) | 4 (15) | NA | NA |
|
| |||||
| Lingual Nerve Resection | |||||
| None | 71 (87) | 49 (88) | 22 (85) | ||
| Performed | 11 (13) | 7 (12) | 4 (15) | 1.27 | 0.34–4.80 |
|
| |||||
| Pterygoid Resection | |||||
| None | 68 (83) | 44 (79) | 24 (92) | ||
| Performed | 14 (17) | 12 (21) | 2 (8) | 0.31 | 0.06–1.48 |
|
| |||||
| Type of Reconstruction | |||||
| None, Local Flap, or Other | 75 (92) | 52 (93) | 23 (89) | ||
| Regional or Free Flap | 7 (8) | 4 (7) | 3 (11) | NA | NA |
|
| |||||
| Pharyngotomy | |||||
| None | 47 (57) | 34 (61) | 13 (50) | ||
| Performed | 35 (43) | 22 (39) | 13 (50) | 1.55 | 0.61–3.95 |
|
| |||||
| p16 | |||||
| Negative | 5 (6) | 4 (7) | 1 (4) | ||
| Positive | 74 (94) | 51 (93) | 23 (96) | 1.80 | 0.19–17.05 |
| Missing | 3 | ||||
|
| |||||
| Adjuvant Therapy | |||||
| None or Radiation Only | 37 (47) | 29 (54) | 8 (32) | ||
| Chemoradiation Therapy | 42 (53) | 25 (46) | 17 (68) | 2.47 | 0.91–6.68 |
| Missing | 3 | ||||
|
| |||||
| Recurrence (Any) | |||||
| None | 60 (73) | 43 (77) | 17 (65) | ||
| Present | 22 (27) | 13 (23) | 9 (35) | 1.75 | 0.63–4.85 |
|
| |||||
| Recurrence (Local or Regional) | |||||
| None or Distant | 71 (87) | 48 (86) | 23 (89) | ||
| Local or Regional | 11 (13) | 8 (14) | 3 (11) | 0.78 | 0.19–3.23 |
|
| |||||
| Long-term Tracheostomy, 1 year follow-up | |||||
| No | 77 (94) | 55 (98) | 22 (85) | ||
| Yes | 5 (6) | 1 (2) | 4 (15) | 10.00 | 1.06–94.54 |
|
| |||||
| Trismus, 1 year follow-up | |||||
| No | 65 (79) | 46 (82) | 19 (73) | ||
| Yes | 17 (21) | 10 (18) | 7 (27) | 1.70 | 0.56–5.11 |
Ɨ
OR = Odds Ratio
ǂ
CI = Confidence Interval