Table 2.
Subjective Sleep Measures
| Variable | Electroacupuncture (N = 8) | Sham (N = 6) | Usual-care (N = 8) | P value (Electroacupuncture versus sham) | P value (Electroacupuncture versus usual-care) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (95% CI) |
P value (within group) |
Mean (95% CI) |
P value (within group) |
Mean (95% CI) |
P value (within group) |
|||
| ISI | ||||||||
| Baseline | 19.63 (15.78, 23.47) | 16.67 (13.18, 20.16) | 17.63 (13.73, 21.52) | |||||
| 2-weeks post-treatment | 11.63 (7.00, 16.25) | 0.0093 | 14.41 (10.75, 18.07) | 0.2581 | 15.50 (12.01, 18.99) | 0.0310 | 0.2422 | 0.0481 |
| 4-weeks post-treatment | 9.50 (4.33, 14.67) | 0.0098 | 14.60 (9.69, 19.51) | 0.4796 | 14.38 (11.09, 17.66) | 0.0096 | 0.2219 | 0.0639 |
| 4-weeks follow-up | 6.50 (2.01, 10.99) | 0.0004 | 12.59 (7.39, 17.80) | 0.1515 | 15.00 (10.53, 19.47) | 0.0848 | 0.0614 | 0.0015 |
| PSQI | ||||||||
| Baseline | 14.25 (11.77, 16.73) | 12.17 (9.48, 14.86) | 13.00 (10.64, 15.36) | |||||
| 2-weeks post-treatment | 11.13 (8.96, 12.29) | 0.0020 | 11.55 (8.05, 15.05) | 0.6335 | 12.38 (9.15, 15.60) | 0.3884 | 0.3155 | 0.1067 |
| 4-weeks post-treatment | 9.25 (6.33, 12.17) | 0.0066 | 10.56 (9.70, 14.42) | 0.3632 | 11.63 (8.87, 14.38) | 0.1112 | 0.2969 | 0.0556 |
| 4-weeks follow-up | 8.88 (5.26, 12.49) | 0.0280 | 10.12 (5.64, 14.61) | 0.2966 | 11.38 (7.02, 15.72) | 0.1719 | 0.5476 | 0.1698 |
| Sleep diary (SOL, min) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 53.30 (23.60, 83.09) | 35.23 (25.41, 45.06) | 28.50 (20.41, 36.59) | |||||
| 2-weeks post-treatment | 32.76 (14.19, 51.33) | 0.0216 | 30.37 (16.44, 44.31) | 0.4192 | 28.39 (14.91, 41.87) | 0.9762 | 0.3305 | 0.1500 |
| 4-weeks post-treatment | 28.64 (9.96, 47.31) | 0.0132 | 25.63 (11.84, 39.42) | 0.0947 | 28.21 (15.64, 40.78) | 0.9467 | 0.4041 | 0.0910 |
| 4-weeks follow-up | 26.94 (12.65, 41.23) | 0.0186 | 24.70 (14.26, 35.15) | 0.0144 | 25.09 (10.08, 40.09) | 0.1319 | 0.4421 | 0.2414 |
| Sleep diary (TST, min) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 294.5 (243.2, 345.7) | 341.9 (246.2, 437.7) | 310.5 (275.7, 345.4) | |||||
| 2-weeks post-treatment | 338.0 (289.1, 386.8) | 0.0348 | 343.8 (272.0, 415.7) | 0.9152 | 336.4 (278.2, 394.7) | 0.1290 | 0.2084 | 0.5124 |
| 4-weeks post-treatment | 369.1 (306.6, 431.7) | 0.0078 | 336.2 (225.8, 446.7) | 0.8186 | 341.1 (289.3, 392.8) | 0.0234 | 0.0072 | 0.0919 |
| 4-weeks follow-up | 378.8 (333.5, 424.0) | 0.0011 | 376.0 (314.8, 437.3) | 0.0939 | 338.2 (296.8, 379.7) | 0.0920 | 0.1270 | 0.0257 |
| Sleep diary (SE, %) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 70.5 (57.1. 84.0) | 80.3 (67.1, 93.4) | 74.5 (63.6, 85.4) | |||||
| 2-weeks post-treatment | 80.8 (68.7, 92.9) | 0.0030 | 84.4 (73.4, 95.4) | 0.1693 | 78.6 (66.0, 91.1) | 0.1807 | 0.2266 | 0.1436 |
| 4-weeks post-treatment | 84.5 (76.2, 92.7) | 0.0073 | 84.2 (74.9, 93.5) | 0.3884 | 80.2 (66.9, 93.5) | 0.1019 | 0.2885 | 0.1396 |
| 4-weeks follow-up | 87.0 (79.7, 94.3) | 0.0052 | 91.0 (86.4, 95.5) | 0.0129 | 80.7 (72.2, 89.1) | 0.0516 | 0.8613 | 0.0259 |
Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, ISI insomnia severity index, PSQI Pittsburgh sleep quality index, SE sleep efficiency, SOL sleep onset latency, TST total sleep time