. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 18.

Published in final edited form as: Demography. 2021 Apr 1;58(2):655–684. doi: 10.1215/00703370-8958347

Table 5.

Logistic Regressions. Housing Hardship (Odds Ratios), for 2010

	Full Sample						Whites						Blacks						Asians				Hispanics
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 1	Model 2	Model 3		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
Nativity
Native-born (omitted)
Foreign-born, citizen	0.74	^***	0.74	^***	0.76	^***	0.71	^**	0.70	^**	0.68	^**	0.57	^**	0.62	^*	0.67		0.95	0.94	0.99		0.82		0 .81		0.84
Legal permanent status	0.94		0.89		0.83		0.84		0.83		0.71		1.15		1.15		1.29		1.00	0.96	1.03		0.99		0.85		0.85
Unauthorized status	1.16		1.09		0.99		0.93		0.93		0.79		0.78		0.76		0.95		0.87	0.85	0.92		1.41	^**	1.19		1.17
Race/Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white (omitted)
Non-Hispanic black	1.52	^***	1.34	^***	1.17	^**
Non-Hispanic Asian	1.19		1.23	^*	1.16
Non-Hispanic other race	2.13	^***	1.95	^***	1.64	^***
Hispanic	1.55	^***	1.36	^***	1.12
Household income-to-poverty ratio			0.91	^***	0.96	^***			0.92	^***	0.96	^***			0.85	^***	0.92	^*		0.96	1.00				0.83	^***	0.89	^**
English language (well/very well)					0.98						1.06						3.26				0.93						0.97
Age					1.00	^*					1.00						1.00				0.99						1.00
Education
Less than high school (omitted)
High school					0.87	^*					0.91						0.96				0.69						0.78
Some college					0.89	^*					0.94						0.87				0.95						0.82
BA+					0.86	^*					0.93						0.81				0.78						0.80
Family structure
Married couple family (omitted)
Other family type					1.38	^***					1.38	^***					1.17				2.11	^**					1.46	^**
Female-headed family					1.39	^***					1.44	^***					1.12				1.55						1.54	^**
Labor force status
Full-time employed (omitted)
Unemployed					1.23	^**					1.24	^*					1.56	^*			0.91						1.07
Part-time employment					1.26	^***					1.22	^**					1.57	^**			1.33						1.15
Out of labor force					1.17	^**					1.08						1.54	^**			0.89						1.20
Household size					1.12	^***					1.12	^***					1.15	^**			1.25	^**					1.07
Children under 18 present					0.93	^**					0.95						0.82	^**			0.91						0.95
Person over 65 present					0.93						0.87						1.03				0.82						1.05
Disabled person present					1.63	^***					1.73	^***					1.37	^**			1.31						1.40	^**
Benefits
TANF/general assistance/SSI/housing assistance					1.10						0.94						1.12				1.36						1.36
Social Security					0.85	^*					0.85	^*					0.94				0.95						0.79
Private health insurance					0.78	^***					0.75	^***					0.83				0.78						0.96
Medicare/Medicaid					1.00						1.06						0.93				1.20						1.05
In metro area					0.93						0.95						1.05				0.45	^*					0.99
Region
Northeast (omitted)
West					1.07						1.12						0.84				1.21						1.14
Midwest					0.86	^**					0.86	^*					0.69	^*			1.19						0.87
South					0.90	^*					0.84	^**					0.87				1.05						1.26
N	34,850		34,850		34,850		25,059		25,059		25,059		4,325		4,325		4,325		1,177	1,177	1,177		3,245		3,245		3,245

^***

p<.001

^**

p<.01

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