Blocking RAS alleviates papain induced lung inflammation.
(A–G) WT mice were i.p. injected with vehicle, telmisartan (Tel), or PD123319 (PD), and then challenged i.n. with papain (Pap) daily for 5 d. 1 d later, lung ILC2s and ILC2-derived IL-5 and IL-13 were analyzed by flow cytometry (A), and BALF IL-5 and IL-13 concentrations were measured by ELISA (B). (C) Ki67+ ILC2s were determined by flow cytometry. (D) Absolute numbers of eosinophils in BALF were analyzed by flow cytometry. (E) Percentage of alveolar macrophages (AMs) and neutrophils in BALF under the indicated conditions. (F) Proportions of CD4+ T cell–derived IL-5 and IL-13 are shown. (G) The PGE2 concentration in lung BALF and serum in indicated conditions. (H) Representative flow cytometry of peripheral blood ILC2s in healthy control and asthmatic children. (I) Clinical association between ILC2s percentages and FEV1% (left) and IgE level (right) in asthmatic children. (J) Sorting strategies and purity test of human ILC2s before adoptive transfer into NCG recipient mice. (K) Representative flow plots of anti-Hu-CD45+ cells and anti-Hu-CD45− cells in the recipient NCG mice. (L) Representative flow plots of eosinophils in BALF and lung tissues of humanized mice. Data are repeated two or three independent times; n = 4/group. Data show mean ± SEM by unpaired t test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. Eos, eosinophils; SSC-A, side scatter area.