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. 2022 Mar 18;12:4681. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07887-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Function of neonate pig islets (NPIs) in O₂ balanced BAPs. Alginate encapsulated NPIs (3000 IEQ/150 µL) were cultured for 3, 8, and 15 days under 20% O₂ (positive control, white bar) or 1% O₂ conditions without the O₂ strategy (1% O₂, negative control, black bar), or with the innovative strategy of oxygenation (ISO) composed of silicone-CaO₂ disk and 500 µg/mL HEMOXCell by alginate (1% O₂ + ISO, grey bars). (A) Glucose plus theophylline (G + T) responsive insulin release by 30 min sequential incubations of alginate encapsulated NPIs in basal medium (close circle) and glucose plus theophylline stimulation (open circle) after 3, 8 and 15 days of culture. (B) Stimulation indexes (ratio of high glucose plus theophylline stimulation over basal insulin secretion) of alginate encapsulated NPIs after 3, 8, and 15 days of culture. Results from independent experiments (n = 4–6) are expressed (A) individual results matched in basal or stimulation media or as (B) mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ***p < 0.005 (Mann–Whitney test).