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. 2022 Mar 17;78:103948. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103948

Figure 1.

Fig 1

Study overview and MR model

All summary-level GWAS data were derived from participants of predominantly European ancestry. B2 is the causal association of interest (2,994 plasma proteins on three childhood neurodevelopmental disorders: ASD, ADHD, and TS), estimated using B2 =B1/B3. B1 and B3 are the direct associations of the genetic variants on the exposure (plasma proteins) and outcomes (ASD, ADHD, TS). IVW, inverse variance weighted.