Subject	Developmental and Educational Neuroscience
Specific subject area	fNIRS neuroimaging of morphological and phonological awareness in English monolingual, Chinese-English, and Spanish-English bilingual children
Type of data	Tables, fNIRS hemodynamic data
How data were acquired	Data were acquired with a CW6 fNIRS system (Techen Inc.,Milford, MA, https://www.nirsoptix.com/CW6.html) with 690 and 830 nm wavelengths, 12 signals, 24 detectors, 46 channels. E-Prime 2.0 software (Psychology Software Tools, Pittsburgh, PA, https://support.pstnet.com/) was used to display stimuli and collect data.
Data format	Raw fNIRS data with block stimuli marks are stored in .nirs files; Proficiency/demographic raw data are stored in excel sheets.
Parameters for data collection	All participants are children growing up in the US and attending English-only schools. The monolingual participants are all native speakers of English and only speak English. The bilingual participants have Spanish or Chinese exposure from home since birth.
Description of data collection	Participants (N = 343) completed a behavioral session and a neuroimaging session. The behavioral session assessed participants’ language and reading proficiency in each of their languages. The neuroimaging session asked participants to complete morphological and phonological awareness tasks in each of their languages during fNIRS scanning.
Data source location	University of Michigan, Department of Psychology, Ann Arbor, MI.
Data accessibility	Repository: Deep Blue Data Persistent Identifier: https://doi.org/10.7302/kxgf-ps11
Related research article	1.Sun, X., Zhang K., Marks, R., Nickerson, N., Eggleston, R., Yu, C.L., Chou., T., Tardif, T., & Kovelman, I. (2021). What's in a word? Cross-linguistic influences on Spanish-English and Chinese-English bilingual children's word reading development. Child Development 93(1), 84-100. http://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13666 This article used data from the behavioral assessments of N = 283 participants from the current dataset. 2.Sun, X., Marks, R., Zhang, K., Yu, C.L., Eggleston, R., Nickerson, N., Chou, T.L., Hu, X.S., Tardif, T., Satterfield, T., & Kovelman, I. (2022). Brain bases of English morphological processing: A comparison between Chinese-English, Spanish-English bilingual, and English monolingual children. Developmental Sciencehttps://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13251 3.Marks, R. A., Eggleston, R., Sun, X., Yu, C. L., Zhang, K., Nickerson, N., Hu, X., & Kovelman, I. (2021). The neurobiological basis of morphological processing for typical and impaired readers. Annals of Dyslexia https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-021-00239-9 This article used data of the fNIRS English morphological awareness task as well as the corresponding behavioral data of N = 97 English monolingual participants from the current dataset.