Table 3.
Mortality Rates and Rate Ratios for Specific Causes of Death Among Patients with Overweight/Obesity and Persons in the General Population Cohort, 1979–2018
| Cause of Death | Cohort | No. of Deaths | Mortality Rate (95% Confidence Interval) per 1000 Person-Years | Partially Adjusteda Mortality Rate Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | Adjustedb Mortality Rate Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infectious diseases | Comparison cohort | 12,820 | 0.78 (0.77–0.79) | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight /obesity cohort | 2953 | 0.99 (0.95–1.02) | 2.07 (1.99–2.16) | 1.59 (1.52–1.66) | |
| Cancer | Comparison cohort | 66,637 | 4.06 (4.03–4.09) | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight /obesity cohort | 15,426 | 5.15 (5.06–5.23) | 1.66 (1.64–1.69) | 1.44 (1.41–1.46) | |
| Diseases of the blood and hematopoietic system and the immune system | Comparison cohort | 1013 | 0.06 (0.06–0.07) | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight /obesity cohort | 200 | 0.07 (0.06–0.08) | 1.71 (1.46–1.99) | 1.35 (1.14–1.60) | |
| Endocrine diseases | Comparison cohort | 6275 | 0.38 (0.37–0.39) | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight /obesity cohort | 6519 | 2.17 (2.12–2.23) | 8.40 (8.11–8.70) | 2.68 (2.57–2.81) | |
| Psychiatric diseases | Comparison cohort | 11,708 | 0.71 (0.70–0.73) | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight /obesity cohort | 1398 | 0.47 (0.44–0.49) | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 0.90 (0.84–0.95) | |
| Neurologic diseases | Comparison cohort | 7815 | 0.48 (0.47–0.49) | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight /obesity cohort | 1088 | 0.36 (0.34–0.38) | 1.08 (1.01–1.15) | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) | |
| Cardiovascular diseases | Comparison cohort | 79,049 | 4.82 (4.78–4.85) | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight /obesity cohort | 24,916 | 8.31 (8.21–8.41) | 2.69 (2.66–2.73) | 1.95 (1.91–1.98) | |
| Respiratory diseases | Comparison cohort | 18,483 | 1.13 (1.11–1.14) | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight /obesity cohort | 5501 | 1.83 (1.79–1.88) | 2.33 (2.26–2.40) | 1.83 (1.77–1.89) | |
| Gastrointestinal and liver diseases | Comparison cohort | 10,085 | 0.61 (0.60–0.63) | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight /obesity cohort | 3570 | 1.19 (1.15–1.23) | 2.64 (2.54–2.75) | 2.14 (2.05–2.23) | |
| Skin diseases | Comparison cohort | 296 | 0.02 (0.02–0.02) | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight /obesity cohort | 123 | 0.04 (0.03–0.05) | 3.54 (2.85–4.39) | 2.81 (2.21–3.58) | |
| Diseases in bone, muscle and connective tissue | Comparison cohort | 1594 | 0.10 (0.09–0.10) | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight /obesity cohort | 345 | 0.12 (0.10–0.13) | 1.77 (1.57–1.99) | 1.58 (1.39–1.79) | |
| Genitourinary disease | Comparison cohort | 3750 | 0.23 (0.22–0.24) | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight /obesity cohort | 1267 | 0.42 (0.40–0.45) | 3.03 (2.84–3.23) | 2.34 (2.18–2.52) | |
| Pregnancy- and birth-related complications | Comparison cohort | 11 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | ||
| Overweight /obesity cohort | 10 | 0.00 (0.00–0.01) | 4.77 (2.02–11.26) | 3.92 (1.61–9.55) | |
| Injury, poisoning, and other external causes | Comparison cohort | 36 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight /obesity cohort | 30 | 0.01 (0.01–0.01) | 5.06 (3.11–8.23) | 4.63 (2.70–7.95) | |
| Accidents | Comparison cohort | 6868 | 0.42 (0.41–0.43) | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight /obesity cohort | 1342 | 0.45 (0.42–0.47) | 1.54 (1.45–1.63) | 1.28 (1.19–1.36) | |
| Suicide | Comparison cohort | 1832 | 0.11 (0.11–0.12) | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight /obesity cohort | 511 | 0.17 (0.16–0.19) | 1.71 (1.55–1.89) | 1.60 (1.44–1.78) | |
| Congenital abnormalities, symptoms and abnormal findings, homicide | Comparison cohort | 15,728 | 0.96 (0.94–0.97) | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight /obesity cohort | 2862 | 0.95 (0.92–0.99) | 1.55 (1.49–1.61) | 1.33 (1.27–1.39) |
Notes: aAdjusted for matching factors only: age, sex, and time period. bAdjusted for age, sex, time period, cancer, diabetes, stroke, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, education level, and income.