Table 2.
Laboratory findings in children based on acute kidney injury definition
|
KDIGO ≥ 50% from baseline (nadir) or 0.3 mg/dL increase in SCr |
asKDIGO ≥ 50% from baseline (nadir, excluding 0.2 mg/dL to 0.3md/dL) or 0.3 mg/dL increase in SCr |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No AKI (n = 95) | AKI (n = 90) | P value | No AKI (n = 118) | AKI (n = 67) | P value | |
| Laboratory Findings | ||||||
| WBC × 103/μL | 22.2 (16.2, 32.4) | 24.3 (16.7, 39.2) | 0.5257 | 20.1 (15.4, 30.3) | 25.5 (18.2, 46.7) | 0.0072 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 7.4 (6.4, 8.3) | 7.1 (6.1, 8.0) | 0.3362 | 7.4 (6.5, 8.4) | 6.9 (5.9, 7.7) | 0.0068 |
| Neutrophil count × 103/μL | 11.4 (8.2, 16.4) | 13.4 (8.4, 19.2) | 0.2577 | 11.3 (8.0, 16.2) | 14.3 (8.9, 20.4) | 0.0143 |
| Platelet count × 103/μL | 439 (334, 560) | 387 (282, 505) | 0.0361 | 435 (330, 557) | 382 (265, 488) | 0.0529 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 3 (3, 4) | 5 (3, 9) | < 0.0001 | 3 (3, 4) | 6 (3, 11) | < 0.0001 |
| Liver function | ||||||
| Aspartate transaminase (AST) | 43.0 (33.0, 68.0) | 65 (39.8, 120.0) | 0.0001 | 43.5 (33.0, 70.0) | 67 (48, 148) | < 0.0001 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) | 207 (171, 256) | 247 (170, 321) | 0.0360 | 211 (165, 255) | 254 (183, 337) | 0.0049 |
| Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), IU/L | 29 (17.2, 49.2) | 35.2 (23.6, 74.5) | 0.0418 | 27.7 (16.5, 49.1) | 40.4 (25.3, 82.0) | 0.0007 |
| Albumin, mg/dL | 39.7 (35.8, 43.2) | 38.6 (33.7, 42.5) | 0.1361 | 39.7 (35.9, 43.3) | 37.8 (32.9, 42.0) | 0.0323 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 1.7 (1.0, 2.9) | 2.5 (1.1, 4.6) | 0.0224 | 1.6 (0.9, 2.8) | 3.1 (1.3, 5.1) | 0.0008 |
| Conjugated bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.6 (0.5, 1.0) | 0.8 (0.5, 2.6) | 0.0445 | 0.6 (0.5, 1.0) | 1.1 (0.5, 3.9) | 0.0008 |
| Creatinine measures | ||||||
| Admission SCr, mg/dL | 0.2 (0.19, 0.3) | 0.3 (0.3, 0.5) | < 0.0001 | 0.2 (0.19, 0.3) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Maximum SCr, mg/dL | 0.2 (0.19, 0.3) | 0.4 (0.3, 1.0) | < 0.0001 | 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Minimum SCr, mg/dL | 0.19 (0.19, 0.3) | 0.2 (0.19, 0.3) | 0.0087 | 0.2 (0.19, 0.3) | 0.2 (0.19, 0.4) | 0.0543 |
| Urinalysis | ||||||
| uAlbumin:uCr ratio, mg/mmol | 1.8 (0.7, 6.5) | 2.1 (0.8, 15.1) | 0.2706 | 1.4 (0.7, 3.9) | 3.1 (0.9, 23.1) | 0.0034 |
| Albumin-to-creatinine ratio, n (%) | ||||||
| < 3 mg/mmol | 54 (60.0) | 51 (60.0) | 0.607 | 74 (66.7) | 31 (48.4) | 0.030 |
| 3–30 mg/mmol | 30 (33.3) | 25 (29.4) | 31 (27.9) | 24 (37.5) | ||
| > 30 mg/mmol | 6 (6.7) | 9 (10.6) | 6 (5.4) | 9 (14.1) | ||
| Hematuria by dipstick, n (%) | 4 (4.2) | 10 (11.1) | 0.076 | 4 (3.4) | 10 (14.9) | 0.009 |
| Proteinuria by dipstick, n (%) | 8 (8.4) | 20 (22.2) | 0.009 | 9 (7.6) | 19 (28.4) | < 0.001 |
| Bilirubinuria by dipstick, n (%) | 3 (3.2) | 13 (14.4) | 0.006 | 3 (2.5) | 13 (19.4) | 0.001 |
Continuous data presented as median (IQR) and analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test
Categorical data analyzed using Pearson’s Chi square test or Fisher’s exact test (if n < 5 per cell)
aChildren with a baseline creatinine of 0.2 mg/dL with a 50% increase in creatinine to 0.3 mg/dL were not considered to have AKI