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. 2022 Mar 19;23(6):2613–2634. doi: 10.1007/s10902-022-00513-6

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics and internal consistency estimates

T1 T2 T3 T4
M SD α M SD α M SD α M SD α
State Nostalgia 3.98 1.42 .97 4.00 1.49 .97 3.86 1.52 .98
State Gratitude 4.58 1.12 .89 4.69 1.03 .87 4.73 0.98 .84
State Optimism 4.33 1.08 .86 4.36 1.05 .87 4.34 1.07 .84
Social Connectedness 4.76 0.91 .87 4.71 1.02 .89 4.64 1.08 .91 4.72 1.00 .91
Self-Esteem 4.20 1.21 .94 4.23 1.17 .94 4.32 1.16 .94 4.31 1.16 .95
Optimism 4.37 1.03 .87 4.33 1.12 .90 4.34 1.16 .93 4.32 1.11 .92
Meaning 4.74 1.03 .90 4.68 1.08 .93 4.63 1.15 .92 4.58 1.13 .93
Happiness 4.39 1.29 .88 4.45 1.27 .89 4.52 1.19 .87 4.45 1.29 .91
Fear of COVID-19 2.20 0.82 .88 2.07 0.85 .89 1.98 0.92 .92 1.92 0.91 .92