Table 3.
Manipulation checks T1-T4 by intervention
| Nostalgia (1) n = 40 | Gratitude (2) n = 36 | BPS (3) n = 37 | Control (4) n = 37 | Main effect of intervention | Post hoc | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | F(3,145) | p | ηp2 | ||
| T1 State Nostalgia | 4.90 | 1.08 | 3.83 | 1.20 | 3.34 | 1.36 | 3.70 | 1.55 | 10.83 | .0001 | .19 | 1 > 2, 3, 4*** d = 0.89, d = 1.53, d = 0.77 2 > 3* d = 0.36 |
| T1 State Gratefulness | 4.59 | 1.12 | 5.09 | 0.81 | 4.71 | 0.92 | 3.90 | 1.21 | 13.20 | .0001 | .22 | 1, 2, 3 > 4** d = 0.57, d = 0.98, d = 0.67 2 > 1, 3** d = 0.45, d = 0.41 |
| T1 State Optimism | 4.31 | 1.08 | 4.50 | 0.92 | 4.92 | 0.75 | 3.66 | 1.12 | 11.60 | .0001 | .20 | 3 > 1* d = 0.56 1, 2, 3 > 4** d = 0.58, d = 0.75, d = 1.13 |
| T2 State Nostalgia | 4.98 | 1.16 | 3.66 | 1.32 | 3.51 | 1.48 | 3.63 | 1.53 | 10.67 | .0001 | .18 | 1 > 2, 3, 4*** d = 1.00, d = 0.99, d = 0.88 |
| T2 State Gratefulness | 4.63 | 1.01 | 5.03 | 0.79 | 4.71 | 1.03 | 4.34 | 1.19 | 5.80 | .001 | .11 | 2 > 1, 3, 4* d = 0.40, d = 0.31, d = 0.58 |
| T2 State Optimism | 4.29 | 0.94 | 4.44 | 1.04 | 4.77 | 0.78 | 3.93 | 1.25 | 5.40 | .002 | .10 | 2, 3 > 4** d = 0.41, d = 0.67 |
| T3 State Nostalgia | 4.92 | 1.16 | 3.49 | 1.43 | 3.40 | 1.53 | 3.52 | 1.50 | 10.69 | .0001 | .18 | 1 > 2, 3, 4*** d = 1.00, d = 1.00, d = 0.93 |
| T3 State Gratefulness | 4.77 | 0.95 | 5.03 | 0.86 | 4.66 | 1.11 | 4.41 | 0.92 | 4.63 | .004 | .09 | 2 > 3, 4* d = 0.33, d = 0.67 |
| T3 State Optimism | 4.23 | 0.95 | 4.39 | 1.17 | 4.75 | 0.92 | 3.96 | 1.07 | 4.47 | .005 | .09 | 3 > 1, 4* d = 0.57, d = 0.74 |
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001