Table 1.
Sociodemographic features, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale scores of the groups
| Non depressed (Depression questionnaire score < 13) (n:147) | Depressed (Depression questionnaire score ≥ 13) (n:31) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Educational background | |||
| Primary School | 24 (16.3%) | 6 (19.4%) | 0.890a |
| Middle School | 52 (35.4%) | 9 (29%) | |
| High school | 41 (27.9%) | 10 (32.3%) | |
| University | 30 (20.4%) | 6 (19.4%) | |
| Mother's age | 28.1 ± 5.2 | 26.4 ± 5.4 | 0.056b |
| 28.0 [24.0; 31.0] | 24.0 [22.0; 29.0] | ||
| Mother's BMI | 26.1 ± 4.2 | 26.6 ± 4.6 | 0.663b |
| 25.7 [23.4; 28.3] | 25.4 [23.7; 29.6] | ||
| EDINBURGH POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION SCALE (EPDS) SCORES | 5.1 ± 3.7 | 16.5 ± 3.5 | < 0.001b |
| 5.0 [2.0; 8.0] | 15.0 [14.0; 20.0] | ||
| MOTHER-TO-INFANT BONDING SCALE SCORES | 0.7 ± 1.1 | 0.9 ± 1.5 | 0.287b |
| 0.0 [0.0; 1.0] | 1.0 [0.0; 1.0] | ||
| Pregnancy and birth history | |||
| How many times has she been pregnant | 2.3 ± 1.3 | 2.3 ± 1.8 | 0.481b |
| 2.0 [1.0; 3.0] | 2.0 [1.0; 2.0] | ||
| How many children did she have | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 1.9 ± 0.9 | 0.414b |
| 2.0 [1.0; 2.0] | 2.0 [1.0; 2.0] | ||
| There is a baby who died after being born | 3 (2.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000c |
| There is a baby who died in the womb | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000c |
| Regarding Current Birth | |||
| Vaginal birth | 64 (43.5%) | 13 (41.9%) | 0.870d |
| Caesarean birth | 83 (56.5%) | 18 (58.1%) | |
| Baby's birth week | 39.1 ± 1.2 | 39.5 ± 1.0 | 0.061b |
| 39.0 [38.1; 40.0] | 40.0 [38.7; 40.1] | ||
| Birth weight of the baby | 3275 ± 453 | 3254 ± 572 | 0.966b |
| 3306 [2960; 3560] | 3200 [2800; 3640] | ||
| Sex of the infant | |||
| Female | 62 (42.2%) | 19 (61.3%) | 0.052d |
| Male | 85 (57.8%) | 12 (38.7%) | |
| Operation history | |||
| Had abdominal surgery | 12 (8.2%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0.084d |
| Had extra-abdominal surgery | 8 (5.4%) | 5 (16.1%) | |
| Had no operations | 127 (86.4%) | 25 (80.6%) | |
| Economic status | |||
| Good | 39 (26.5%) | 4 (12.9%) | 0.077a |
| Middle Class | 95 (64.6%) | 23 (74.2%) | |
| Poor | 13 (8.8%) | 4 (12.9%) | |
| Pregnancy follow-ups | |||
| There is regular follow-up | 137 (93.2%) | 28 (90.3%) | 0.702c |
| Does she work? | |||
| Yes | 16 (10.9%) | 2 (6.5%) | 0.743c |
| Has she received any guests at home? | |||
| Yes | 18 (12.2%) | 9 (29.0%) | 0.027c |
Values are presented as mean ± SD, median [interquartile range] or number (percentage), n; the number of patients in the category
p-values were calculated using: a Extended Mantel–Haenszel chi-square test for linear trend, b Mann Whitney U test, c Fisher's Exact Test, d Pearson Chi-Square test