Table 4.

Hierarchical regression analysis with behavior during COVID-19 as a dependent variable

						95% CI
	B	SE	β	t	p	Lower	Upper
Step 1	1.936	0.074		26.127	0.000	1.790	2.082
sex (men = 1, women = 2)	0.089	0.033	0.117	2.673	0.008	0.023	0.154
age	0.003	0.001	0.129	2.889	0.004	0.001	0.005
education	0.061	0.016	0.160	3.670	0.000	0.028	0.093
conservativism/liberalism	0.060	0.018	0.158	3.431	0.001	0.026	0.095
religiosity	0.071	0.017	0.187	4.123	0.000	0.037	0.105
	F(5,482) = 9.65, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.091
Step 2	2.067	0.074		27.909	0.000	1.921	2.212
sex (men = 1, women = 2)	0.066	0.034	0.087	1.944	0.053	-0.001	0.132
age	0.001	0.001	0.038	0.845	0.399	-0.001	0.003
education	0.035	0.016	0.093	2.196	0.029	0.004	0.067
conservativism/liberalism	0.057	0.017	0.149	3.413	0.001	0.024	0.090
religiosity	0.036	0.017	0.094	2.125	0.034	0.003	0.069
extraversion	-0.020	0.020	-0.051	-0.979	0.328	-0.059	0.020
agreeableness	0.039	0.021	0.102	1.885	0.060	-0.002	0.079
conscientiousness	0.052	0.020	0.138	2.641	0.009	0.013	0.091
negative emotionality	0.007	0.020	0.018	0.335	0.738	-0.033	0.047
openness	0.027	0.019	0.070	1.391	0.165	-0.011	0.065
horizontal collectivism	0.037	0.023	0.094	1.629	0.104	-0.008	0.081
vertical collectivism	0.058	0.021	0.150	2.781	0.006	0.017	0.098
vertical individualism	0.013	0.018	0.035	0.743	0.458	-0.022	0.049
horizontal individualism	-0.018	0.018	-0.047	-1.003	0.316	-0.053	0.017
prosocial behavior	-0.006	0.022	-0.017	-0.287	0.774	-0.050	0.037
future consequences	0.017	0.020	0.043	0.838	0.402	-0.022	0.056
immediate consequences	-0.027	0.017	-0.069	-1.589	0.113	-0.059	0.006
	F(17.470) = 7.87. p < 0.001. ∆R2 = 0.131
Step 3	2.072	0.072		28.812	0.000	1.930	2.213
sex (men = 1, women = 2)	0.057	0.033	0.075	1.722	0.086	-0.008	0.122
age	0.001	0.001	0.045	1.043	0.298	-0.001	0.003
education	0.035	0.016	0.092	2.225	0.027	0.004	0.065
conservativism/liberalism	0.055	0.016	0.143	3.381	0.001	0.023	0.087
religiosity	0.026	0.016	0.068	1.583	0.114	-0.006	0.058
extraversion	-0.023	0.019	-0.060	-1.189	0.235	-0.061	0.015
agreeableness	0.039	0.020	0.104	1.975	0.049	0.000	0.079
conscientiousness	0.050	0.019	0.132	2.613	0.009	0.012	0.088
negative emotionality	-0.010	0.020	-0.025	-0.482	0.630	-0.049	0.030
openness	0.032	0.019	0.083	1.688	0.092	-0.005	0.069
horizontal collectivism	0.037	0.022	0.095	1.699	0.090	-0.006	0.080
vertical collectivism	0.051	0.020	0.132	2.509	0.012	0.011	0.091
vertical individualism	0.007	0.018	0.019	0.408	0.684	-0.027	0.042
horizontal individualism	-0.015	0.017	-0.040	-0.894	0.372	-0.050	0.019
prosocial behavior	-0.006	0.022	-0.015	-0.270	0.788	-0.048	0.037
future consequences	0.002	0.020	0.004	0.089	0.929	-0.037	0.040
immediate consequences	-0.030	0.017	-0.078	-1.801	0.072	-0.062	0.003
helplessness (COVID)	-0.011	0.019	-0.028	-0.573	0.567	-0.047	0.026
threat (COVID)	0.094	0.018	0.247	5.269	0.000	0.059	0.129
	F(19,468) = 9.16, p < 0.001, ∆R2 = 0.049

Sex was coded as 1 for men and 2 for women. All other variables (except age) were standardized