Table 1.
The potential route of SARS-CoV-2 to evade host innate immunity and the potential target for future drug development
| Mechanism | Potential route | Potential target [69] |
|---|---|---|
| Viral adhesion and invasion | ACE2 (mACE2 and sACE2) |
Entry inhibition: Arbidol Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine Camostat Convalescent Plasma/immunoglobulins |
| Arginine-glycine-aspartic motif | ||
| Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 | ||
| Endocytosis | ||
| ORF8 | ||
| Suppression of innate immunity | Dendritic cells |
Inhibiting consequences of cytokine storm: Tocilizumab Sarilumab Ruxolitinib Baricitinib |
| Macrophages | ||
| Neutrophils | ||
| NK cells | ||
| Affect the IFN signaling pathway | NSP 1 |
Inhibition of translation and protease inhibitors: Lopinavir/ritonavir Niclosamide Darunavir Interferon beta |
| NSP 8 | ||
| NSP 9 | ||
| NSP 16 | ||
| NSP 12 | ||
| NSP 3 | ||
| Inhibiting adaptive immune response | Low CD8 +/CD4 + T cell |
Inhibition of viral polymerase: Ribavirin Favipiravir Remdesivir |
| MHC class I and II molecules downregulated |