Table 3.
Risk of Cardiometabolic Diseases by Baseline Phosphate Quartiles in Men and Women
| Serum Phosphate Quartiles in Men | Serum Phosphate Quartiles in Women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1: <0.91 (n=455) | Q2: 0.91–1.01 (n=466) | Q3: 1.01–1.11 (n=425) | Q4: >1.11 (n=397) | Q1: <1.07 (n=601) | Q2: 1.07–1.16 (n=562) | Q3: 1.16–1.25 (n=523) | Q4: >1.25 (n=519) | |
| Heart failure | ||||||||
| Population | 358 | 369 | 327 | 298 | 471 | 475 | 438 | 409 |
| Event number | 92 | 97 | 87 | 75 | 130 | 126 | 106 | 98 |
| Person years | 823 | 843 | 773 | 656 | 1134 | 1086 | 1052 | 967 |
| Adjusted HRa(95% CI) | 1 | 1.06 (0.80–1.41) | 1.08 (0.80–1.45) | 1.12 (0.81–1.53) | 1 | 1.02 (0.80–1.31) | 0.90 (0.70–1.17) | 0.93 (0.71–1.21) |
| Ischemic heart disease | ||||||||
| Population | 360 | 379 | 337 | 304 | 482 | 482 | 443 | 416 |
| Event number | 45 | 33 | 35 | 25 | 71 | 52 | 66 | 44 |
| Person years | 906 | 955 | 898 | 772 | 1244 | 1184 | 1103 | 1058 |
| Adjusted HRa(95% CI) | 1 | 0.72 (0.46–1.14) | 0.90 (0.57–1.40) | 0.78 (0.47–1.30) | 1 | 0.78 (0.55–1.12) | 1.04 (0.74–1.46) | 0.74 (0.50–1.09) |
| Hypertension | ||||||||
| Population | 353 | 373 | 332 | 301 | 481 | 479 | 438 | 412 |
| Event number | 57 | 79 | 62 | 50 | 104 | 95 | 88 | 74 |
| Person years | 878 | 877 | 851 | 718 | 1183 | 1154 | 1038 | 991 |
| Adjusted HRa(95% CI) | 1 | 1.35 (0.96–1.90) | 1.02 (0.71–1.46) | 0.94 (0.64–1.38) | 1 | 0.92 (0.70–1.22) | 0.92 (0.69–1.23) | 0.78 (0.58–1.06) |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||||||
| Population | 358 | 378 | 336 | 302 | 482 | 482 | 442 | 416 |
| Event number | 22 | 28 | 24 | 23 | 29 | 31 | 31 | 45 |
| Person years | 934 | 936 | 891 | 770 | 1280 | 1211 | 1132 | 1052 |
| Adjusted HRa(95% CI) | 1 | 1.34 (0.76–2.34) | 1.29 (0.72–2.32) | 1.56 (0.85–2.86) | 1 | 1.20 (0.72–2.00) | 1.25 (0.75–2.07) | 1.84 (1.14–2.96) |
| Metabolic syndrome | ||||||||
| Population | 349 | 372 | 329 | 300 | 474 | 476 | 436 | 409 |
| Event number | 41 | 37 | 40 | 52 | 61 | 67 | 49 | 42 |
| Person years | 871 | 899 | 832 | 696 | 1200 | 1109 | 1072 | 999 |
| Adjusted HRa(95% CI) | 1 | 0.85 (0.54–1.33) | 0.96 (0.62–1.49) | 1.45 (0.95–2.21) | 1 | 0.99 (0.70–1.40) | 0.71 (0.48–1.05) | 0.64 (0.43–0.96) |
| Chronic kidney disease | ||||||||
| Population | 354 | 375 | 332 | 298 | 477 | 476 | 434 | 410 |
| Event number | 41 | 44 | 36 | 44 | 56 | 69 | 41 | 53 |
| Person years | 894 | 905 | 859 | 724 | 1245 | 1148 | 1088 | 1001 |
| Adjusted HRa(95% CI) | 1 | 1.04 (0.68–1.59) | 0.91 (0.58–1.43) | 1.27 (0.82–1.97) | 1 | 1.33 (0.93–1.90) | 0.83 (0.55–1.25) | 1.18 (0.80–1.73) |
Notes: aAdjusted for SBP, total calcium, bicarbonate, fasting glucose, HbA1c, TC and smoking status in males; age, BMI, waist circumference, SBP, total calcium, bicarbonate, TC, education and kidney disease history in females. Data in bold indicate statistically significant results with p<0.05.
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.