Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of All Patients (n=150)
| Patients with Cramps | Patients without Cramps | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 61 (55–66) | 58 (50–66) | 0.205 |
| Male (%) | 75% (54/72) | 56% (44/78) | 0.149 |
| Smoking (%) | 40% (29/72) | 46% (34/78) | 0.478 |
| Alcohol drinking (%) | 43% (31/72) | 46% (36/78) | 0.392 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.6 (23.4–27.1) | 25.4 (23.2–27.7) | 0.961 |
| MBP (mmHg) | 97.6 (92.3–108.3) | 96.7 (89.3–106.6) | 0.595 |
| HbA1C (%) | 8.1 (6.8–10.0) | 8.0 (7.0–9.1) | 0.288 |
| Cr (umol/L) | 72 (60–84.5) | 70 (58.5–78.0) | 0.426 |
| ALB (g/L) | 41.6 (38.2–45.0) | 43.3 (41.2–46.2) | 0.006 |
| K (mmol/L) | 4.16 (3.93–4.41) | 4.15 (3.92–4.38) | 0.098 |
| Ca (mmol/L) | 2.28 (2.19–2.34) | 2.30 (2.23–2.35) | 0.165 |
| Mg (mmol/L) | 0.86 (0.81–0.92) | 0.86 (0.81–0.90) | 0.897 |
| VIT-D (ng/mL) | 19.3 (11.9–24.6) | 19.0 (13.6–23.5) | 0.618 |
| DR(%) | 61% (44/72) | 38% (30/78) | 0.009 |
| NPDR((%) | 38% (28/72) | 35%(27/78) | 0.587 |
| PDR(%) | 22% (16/72) | 4% (3/78) | 0.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; MBP, mean blood pressure; Cr, creatinine; AlB, albumin, VIT-D, 25-OH-vitamin D3; DR, diabetic retinopathy; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy.