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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Clin Periodontol. 2022 Jan 27;49(4):322–334. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13586

Table 3:

Mean volumetric brain measures (SEM) of n=1,306 MRI cohort by PPC at Visit 5, ARIC

Categories of Periodontal Profile Class
Healthy Mild Disease High GI Tooth Loss Posterior Disease Severe Tooth Loss Severe Disease Edentulous p-value
N 347 200 140 106 125 151 82 155 N=1306
Total Brain Volume (cm3)
Crude 1028.20 (5.92) 1033.38 (7.64) 993.83 (9.24) 1011.08 (10.48) 1057.54 (9.80) 991.95 (8.51) 1009.60 (11.89) 969.75 (8.07) <0.01*
Model 1 1017.11 (2.90) 1018.11 (3.61) 1022.31 (4.78) 1016.66 (4.82) 1011.18 (4.63) 1015.02 (4.03) 1013.16 (5.57) 1011.47 (3.90) 0.62
Model 2 1014.73 (2.92) 1016.24 (3.56) 1021.80 (4.67) 1017.66 (4.73) 1009.40 (4.57) 1016.90 (4.00) 1014.42 (5.46) 1017.65 (4.32) 0.79
Temporal-Parietal Meta ROI Volume (cm3)
Crude 60.11 (0.38) 60.25 (0.49) 57.34 (0.59) 58.82 (0.67) 61.93 (0.63) 57.07 (0.55) 58.40 (0.76) 56.00 (0.52) <0.01*
Model 1 59.29 (0.33) 58.66 (0.40) 59.12 (0.54) 59.16 (0.54) 59.51 (0.519) 58.50 (0.45) 58.16 (0.62) 58.02 (0.44) 0.24
Model 2 59.26 (0.33) 58.67 (0.40) 59.16 (0.53) 59.33 (0.54) 59.38 (0.52) 58.49 (0.45) 58.24 (0.62) 58.06 (0.49) 0.42

Abbreviations: PPC = Periodontal Profile Class; GI = Gingival Inflammation; ROI = Regions of Interest.

Temporal-parietal meta ROI outcome is comprised of combined volumetric measures of parahippocampal, entorhinal, inferior parietal lobules, hippocampus, and pre-cuneus brain regions.

P-values are from tests for significant difference between PPC levels.

(*)

Denotes significant p-values (p<0.05).

Estimates of mean volumetric brain measures were computed via multiple linear regression.

Model 1: crude + age + sex + education + race + income + insurance + APOE ε4 allele presence + total intracranial volume

Model 2: Model 1 + body mass index + physical activity + smoking status + LDL cholesterol + prevalent heart failure + anti-hypertensive medication + prevalent coronary heart disease + prevalent stroke + prevalent diabetes + systolic blood pressure + dental visit frequency.

Note: Total brain volume was additionally adjusted for total intracranial volume starting in Model 1.