Table 7.

Standard direct and indirect effects for the mediation model.

Mediation effect	Direct effect X → Y	Indirect effect	Result
Hope → Work engagement → Safety compliance	0.524**	−0.176**	Partial mediation
Hope → Work engagement → Safety participation	0.231**	−0.087**	Partial mediation
Efficacy → Work engagement → Safety compliance	−0.01(ns)	0.082*	Full mediation
Efficacy → Work engagement → Safety participation	0.277 **	0.04*	Partial mediation
Resilience → Work engagement → Safety compliance	−0.205**	−0.031 (ns)	No mediation
Resilience → Work engagement → Safety participation	0.335**	−0.015 (ns)	No mediation
Optimism → Work engagement → Safety compliance	0.089 (ns)	0.05 (ns)	No mediation
Optimism → Work engagement → Safety participation	0.533**	0.05*	Partial mediation

ns, P > 0.05 (not significant);

^*P < 0.05 (Significant);

^**P < 0.01 (significant).