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. 2022 Mar 20;127(5):543–559. doi: 10.1007/s11547-022-01471-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

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Fig. 4 — A–D. Collateral (smoking-related) findings in screening LDCT. Calcifications of the coronary arteries. Axial CT images at the level of the left main coronary artery showing different degrees of coronary artery calcification (CAC): absent = 0 (A), mild = 1 (B), moderate = 2 (C) and severe = 3 (D). According to the scale proposed by Chiles et al. [67], isolated flecks correspond to a mild degree (B), continuous calcification along the vessel correspond a severe degree (D)