TABLE 1.
General characteristics of the participants.
| Characteristics | Total participants |
COVID-19 patients |
||||
| COVID-19 (n, %) | Control (n, %) | P-value | Severe morbidity (n, %) | Mild morbidity (n, %) | P-value | |
| Total number | 8,070 (100.0) | 32,280 (100.0) | 569 (100.0) | 7,501 (100.0) | ||
| Age (years) | 1.000 | <0.001* | ||||
| 0–9 | 81 (1.0) | 324 (1.0) | 6 (1.1) | 75 (1.0) | ||
| 10–19 | 276 (3.4) | 1,104 (3.4) | 6 (1.1) | 270 (3.6) | ||
| 20–29 | 2,057 (25.5) | 8,228 (25.5) | 31 (5.5) | 2,026 (27.0) | ||
| 30–39 | 832 (10.3) | 3,328 (10.3) | 25 (4.4) | 807 (10.8) | ||
| 40–49 | 1,036 (12.8) | 4,144 (12.8) | 30 (5.3) | 1,006 (13.4) | ||
| 50–59 | 1,567 (19.4) | 6,268 (19.4) | 71 (12.5) | 1,496 (19.9) | ||
| 60–69 | 1,199 (14.9) | 4,796 (14.9) | 116 (20.4) | 1,083 (14.4) | ||
| 70–79 | 617 (7.7) | 2,468 (7.7) | 118 (20.7) | 499 (6.7) | ||
| 80+ | 405 (5.0) | 1,620 (5.0) | 166 (29.2) | 239 (3.2) | ||
| Sex | 1.000 | <0.001* | ||||
| Men | 3,236 (40.1) | 12,944 (40.1) | 306 (53.8) | 2,930 (39.1) | ||
| Women | 4,834 (59.9) | 19,336 (59.9) | 263 (46.2) | 4,571 (60.9) | ||
| Income | 1.000 | <0.001* | ||||
| 1 (low) | 3,105 (38.5) | 12,420 (38.5) | 196 (34.5) | 2,909 (38.8) | ||
| 2 | 2,347 (29.1) | 9,388 (29.1) | 161 (28.3) | 2,186 (29.1) | ||
| 3 (high) | 2,618 (32.4) | 10,472 (32.4) | 212 (37.3) | 2,406 (32.1) | ||
| CCI score† | <0.001* | <0.001* | ||||
| 0 | 6,725 (83.3) | 29,637 (91.8) | 333 (58.5) | 6,392 (85.2) | ||
| 1 | 869 (10.8) | 1,514 (4.7) | 110 (19.3) | 759 (10.1) | ||
| ≥2 | 476 (5.9) | 1,129 (3.5) | 126 (22.1) | 350 (4.7) | ||
| Hypertension | 1,657 (20.5) | 6,535 (20.2) | 0.331 | 275 (48.3) | 1,382 (18.4) | <0.001* |
| Diabetes | 969 (12.0) | 3,406 (10.6) | <0.001* | 186 (32.7) | 783 (10.4) | <0.001* |
| Alzheimer’s disease | 309 (3.8) | 647 (2.0) | <0.001* | 117 (20.6) | 192 (2.6) | <0.001* |
| Parkinson’s disease | 52 (0.6) | 109 (0.3) | <0.001* | 275 (48.3) | 1,382 (18.4) | <0.001* |
CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019.
*Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test. Significance at p < 0.05.
†CCI score was assessed excluding dementia and diabetes.