TABLE 2.

Crude and adjusted odds ratios of the association between pre-existing Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease and COVID-19 in the total study participants.

Characteristics	COVID-19 (exposure/total, %)	Control (exposure/total, %)	Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for COVID-19
			Crude†	P-value	Model 1†‡	P-value	Model 2†§	P-value
Alzheimer’s disease
AD	309/8,070 (3.8%)	647/32,280 (2.0%)	2.41 (2.05–2.83)	<0.001*	2.17 (1.84–2.55)	<0.001*	2.11 (1.79–2.50)	<0.001*
Non-AD	7,761/8,070 (96.2%)	31,633/32,280 (98.0%)	1		1		1
Parkinson’s disease
PD	52/8,070 (0.6%)	109/32,280 (0.3%)	1.94 (1.39–2.72)	<0.001*	1.78 (1.27–2.50)	0.001*	1.41 (1.00–2.00)	0.054
Non-PD	8,018/8,070 (99.4%)	32,171/32,280 (99.7%)	1		1		1

AD, Alzheimer’s disease; COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019; PD, Parkinson’s disease.

*Conditional logistic regression model; significance at p < 0.05.

^†Model stratified for age, sex and income.

^‡Model 1 was adjusted for Charlson comorbidity index scores, hypertension and diabetes.

^§Model 2 was adjusted for model 1 plus Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.