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. 2022 Mar 19;20:34. doi: 10.1186/s12964-022-00834-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Combination of WNT974 and artesunate (ART) reduces KRAS protein level and activity in CRC cells. A Fraction affected (Fa) versus combination index (CI) plots were used to determine the extent of synergy for combination treatment in 8 CRC cells, synergistic effects are defined as CI < 1. B HCT116 and SW620 were treated with 20 μM WNT974, 20 μM ART or the combination of both for 48 h. The NRAS, HRAS KRAS protein level and KRAS activity were examined. C KRAS mRNA level in HCT116 cells and SW620 cells after treatments. Shown is mean ± SE, n = 3 individual experiments, *p < 0.05, compared to control; a < 0.05, compared to ART; b < 0.05, compared to WNT974