Table 1. Notation —Parameters, controls and their values.

All times are expressed in months and rates are expressed per month. Details behind model calibration are explained in B.

Symbol	Meaning	Value	Range	Source
Λ	Birth rate	$\frac{27.2}{12\ast 1000}$	[0.001, 0.003]	United Nations (2019)
μ −1	Expected life span	65∗12	[600, 1200]	World Bank (2019)
β	Transmission rate	0.0166	[0.01, 0.02]	Estimated
σ −1	Length of the incubation period	$\frac{21}{30}$	$\left[\frac{9}{30},\frac{90}{30}\right]$	Perine et al. (1984)
λ 1 −1	Length of primary yaws	3	[3, 6]	Perine et al. (1984)
λ 2 −1	Length of secondary yaws	3	[0, 60]	Mitjà, Asiedu & Mabey (2013)
ρ 1 −1	Length of latency after primary yaws	1.5	[1, 2]	Marks et al. (2015a)
ρ 2 −1	Length of second latency	30	[1, 60]	Perine et al. (1984)
p Y 1 Y 2	Probability of immediate secondary yaws infection after primary yaws	0.12	[0.09, 0.15]	Mitjà, Asiedu & Mabey (2013)
p Y 1 L 1	Probability of latency period after primary yaws	1 − pY1Y2
p Y 2 Y 3	Probability of immediate tertiary yaws infection after secondary yaws	0.0001	[0, 0.0002]	Mitjà, Asiedu & Mabey (2013)
p Y 2 L 2	Probability of latency period after secondary yaws	1 − pY2Y3
p L 2 Y 2	Probability of relapsing to secondary yaws during latent period after secondary yaws	0.9999	[0.9998, 1]	Mitjà, Asiedu & Mabey (2013)
p L 2 Y 3	Probability of developing tertiary yaws during latent period	1 − pL2Y2
τ I	Rate of treatment for the group I ∈ {E, Y1, Y2, Y3, L1, L2}	variable		See text