TABLE 1.
List of outcomes, exposures, covariates, and mediators
| Time point at data collection | Method of data collection | |
|---|---|---|
| Child growth (outcomes) | ||
| Child weight | Age 6 | Doctor's visit (reported by mother) |
| Child height | Age 6 | Doctor's visit (reported by mother) |
| Child BMI | Age 6 | Calculated; BMI = weight in kg/height in m2 |
| Child obesity | Age 6 | Calculated; BMI ≥ 95th percentile |
| SES measures (exposures) | ||
| Maternal education | Late pregnancy (∼7 months; enrollment) | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Family income (US dollars) | Late pregnancy | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Family income (percentage of poverty line) | Late pregnancy | Calculated; percentage = family income/federal poverty line |
| Covariates | ||
| Maternal age at pregnancy (y) | Late pregnancy | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Maternal race and ethnicity | Late pregnancy | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Parity | Late pregnancy | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Marital status | Late pregnancy | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Child sex | 1 month post natal (neonatal) | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Child age at 6-year follow-up (y) | Age 6 | Calculated; child age = survey date - date of birth |
| Mediators | ||
| Maternal height (m) | Late pregnancy | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Maternal preconception weight (kg) | Late pregnancy | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Maternal preconception BMI (kg/m2) | Late pregnancy | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Paternal preconception weight status | Late pregnancy | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| GWG (kg) | 1 month post natal | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Prenatal Healthy Eating Index | Late pregnancy | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires (Food Frequency Questionnaire) |
| Gestational age at first prenatal visit (wk) | Late pregnancy | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy | Late pregnancy | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Maternal number of cigarettes smoked per day during pregnancy | Late pregnancy | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Gestational diabetes | Late pregnancy | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Method of delivery | 1 month post natal | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Date of birth | Birth | Phone interview |
| Gestational age at birth (wk) | Birth | Calculated; gestational age = date of birth - last menstrual period |
| Birth weight (kg) | Birth | Phone interview |
| Large-for-gestational-age birth | Birth | Calculated; birth weight > 90th percentile by sex and gestational age |
| Birth length (cm) | 1 month post natal | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Edinburgh postnatal depression score | 2 months post natal | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Postnatal Healthy Eating Index | 3 months post natal | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires (Food Frequency Questionnaire) |
| Breastfeeding duration (wk) | 1–12 months post natal | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Exclusive breastfeeding duration (wk) | 1–12 months post natal | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Timing of formula initiation (wk) | 1–12 months post natal | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Timing of introduction of solid foods (wk) | 1–12 months post natal | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Infant dietary pattern adherence score | 12 months post natal | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Child sleep duration at 1 year (h) | 12 months post natal | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Nonmaternal infant care at 1 year | 12 months post natal | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires |
| Infant weight gain (kg) | 3, 7, and 12 months post natal | Calculated; infant weight gain = postnatal weight at doctor's visit - birth weight |
| Child sleep duration at 6 years (h) | Age 6 | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires or phone interview if needed |
| Child dietary pattern adherence score | Age 6 | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires or phone interview if needed |
| Score of child food and eating environment | Age 6 | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires or phone interview if needed |
| Score of child home learning environment | Age 6 | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires or phone interview if needed |
| Number of days per week with ≥60 minutes of child MVPA | Age 6 | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires or phone interview if needed |
| Child TV viewing per day on weekdays (h) | Age 6 | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires or phone interview if needed |
| Child TV viewing per day on weekends (h) | Age 6 | Paper survey via mailed questionnaires or phone interview if needed |
Abbreviations: GWG, gestational weight gain; MVPA, moderate or vigorous physical activity; SES, socioeconomic status.