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. 2022 Mar 21;17(5):2859–2875. doi: 10.1007/s11482-022-10045-z

Table 3.

Standardized beta coefficients of the linear regression models with demographics, health variables, network size, network satisfaction, and solitude satisfaction as predictors of CASP-12 scores among older persons with or without a network

Without a network With network
Men Women Men Women
1st block (R 2 change ) 10.7%** 16.3%** 9.4%** 11.1%**
Age − 0.003 0.070* − 0.014* 0.054**
Living alone 0.084* 0.031 − 0.013 − 0.051**
Household income 0.110** 0.165** 0.114** 0.101**
Education 0.127** 0.117** 0.087** 0.092**
Marital statusa
Registered partner − 0.001 0.055* 0.003 0.011**
Married. no cohabiting 0.013 0.017 − 0.009 − 0.026**
Never married 0.059 0.039 − 0.005 − 0.025**
Divorced 0.017 − 0.051 − 0.002 − 0.054**
Widowed 0.010 0.022 − 0.007 − 0.061**
Employment statusb
(Self) Employed 0.042 0.040 0.004 0.017**
Unemployed − 0.091** − 0.008 − 0.085** − 0.051**
Permanently sick − 0.058* − 0.032 − 0.052** − 0.027**
Homemaker − 0.001 − 0.112** − 0.021** − 0.057**
2nd block R 2 change 10.0%** 15.0%** 12.8%** 14.6%**
N of chronic diseases − 0.110** − 0.105** − 0.119** − 0.125**
N of mobility limitations − 0.203** − 0.246** − 0.264** − 0.291**
N of limitations ADL 0.056 0.007 0.018** 0.018**
N of limitations in IADL − 0.128** − 0.114** − 0.098** − 0.102**
3rd block R 2 change 3.7%** 6.4%** 2.7%** 3.6%**
Solitude satisfaction 0.194** 0.260**
Network satisfaction (z−score) 0.172** 0.165**
Network size (z−score) 0.068** 0.098**
4th block R 2 change 0.1%** 0.1%**
Network satisfaction * size (z−score) 0.046** 0.032**
AR 2 23.2% 36.6% 24.9% 29.9%

Note. ADL = Activities of daily living, IADL = Instrumental activities of daily living. Network satisfaction and network size was included only in the models examining the CAPS-12 scores of older persons with a network. Solitude satisfaction was included only in the models examining the CASP-12 scores of older persons without a network.

a Reference group = married living with spouse

b Reference group = retired,

* p < .050, ** p < .010