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. 2022 Mar 7;13:858256. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858256

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Copyright © 2022 Lu, Sun, Xu, Saaoud, Shao, Drummer, Wu, Hu, Yu, Kunapuli, Bethea, Vazquez-Padron, Sun, Jiang, Wang and Yang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Venous ECs from arteriovenous fistula (AVF) upregulate SGs in five secretomes. (A) Experimental model of AVF with vascular anatomy (Red and Blue) and pathologic factors (Black). (B) Secretome analysis of venous endothelium during the formation of neointimal hyperplasia in a rat AVF model for kidney dialysis from GEO database (GSE46126) P <0.05 |LogFC|>1. (C) IPA analysis of each secretory pathway gene in AVF. Z score>1. (D, E) Venn diagram of upregulated canonical (D) and exosome (E) pathways in AVF.