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. 2022 Mar 7;13:858256. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858256

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Copyright © 2022 Lu, Sun, Xu, Saaoud, Shao, Drummer, Wu, Hu, Yu, Kunapuli, Bethea, Vazquez-Padron, Sun, Jiang, Wang and Yang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Under pathological conditions, immune cells in aortas undergo maturation, activation, phenotypic switch and trans-differentiation, which justifies that aorta serves as an immune organ. (A) Literature based findings indicate that aorta may play a role as immune organ. (B) A new working model (created in BioRender.com) has indicated that similar to lymph nodes, a prototypic immune organ, which provide a niche for immune cell maturation, differentiation and activation, aortas sin pathologies serve as a novel immune organ for immune cells and vascular cells to get activated, matured, differentiated and trans-differentiated.