Table 5.
Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression model showing risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs
| Variables | UOR (95% CI) | P value | aOR (95% CI) | P value |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Ref | Ref | ||
| Female | 1.48 (1.11 to 1.79) | 0.007 | 1.09 (0.78 to 1.51) | 0.595 |
| Race | ||||
| Others | Ref | Ref | ||
| Coloured | 0.48 (0.27 to 0.86) | 0.015 | 1.06 (0.55 to 2.06) | 0.848 |
| White | 1.44 (0.71 to 2.91) | 0.311 | 1.46 (0.69 to 3.07) | 0.313 |
| Black | 0.91 (0.91 to 1.81) | 0.789 | 1.28 (0.61 to 2.71) | 0.504 |
| Level of education | ||||
| Tertiary | Ref | Ref | ||
| Secondary | 4.12 (0.89 to 18.91) | 0.068 | 3.05 (0.62 to 14.85) | 0.166 |
| Primary | 0.71 (0.56 to 0.91) | 0.008 | 0.90 (0.67 to 1.22) | 0.509 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never smoked | Ref | Ref | ||
| Active smoker | 0.48 (0.25 to 0.91) | 0.026 | 0.65 (0.32 to 1.29) | 0.222 |
| Former smoker | 1.51 (0.65 to 3.48) | 0.334 | 1.77 (0.73 to 4.25) | 0.199 |
| Profession | ||||
| Support staff | Ref | Ref | ||
| Allied staff | 2.34 (1.60 to 3.42) | <0.001 | 1.92 (0.83 to 4.43) | 0.124 |
| Nurses | 1.25 (0.73 to 2.16) | 0.409 | 0.84 (0.35 to 1.99) | 0.693 |
| Pharmacy staff | 0.93 (0.71 to 1.19) | 0.545 | 0.88 (0.42 to 1.84) | 0.747 |
| Medical doctors | 3.41 (2.08 to 5.58) | <0.001 | 1.52 (0.67 to 3.45) | 0.316 |
| COVID-19 exposure by ward | ||||
| Low risk | Ref | Ref | ||
| Medium risk | 0.69 (0.53 to 0.90) | 0.006 | 1.19 (0.59 to 2.41) | 0.749 |
| High risk | 0.97 (0.71 to 1.32) | 0.883 | 0.88 (0.42 to 1.86) | 0.611 |
| Direct contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.88 (0.67 to 1.14) | 0.338 | 1.01 (0.75 to 1.36) | 0.928 |
| Attended PPE training | ||||
| Yes | Ref | Ref | ||
| No | 1.09 (0.83 to 1.42) | 0.498 | 0.99 (0.74 to 1.33) | 0.996 |
| Use of public transport | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.63 (0.51 to 0.79) | <0.001 | 0.94 (0.69 to 1.17) | 0.444 |
| BMI | ||||
| Underweight | – | – | ||
| Normal | Ref | Ref | ||
| Overweight | 3.15 (2.19 to 4.53) | <0.001 | 2.15 (1.44 to 3.20) | <0.001 |
| Obese | 1.62 (1.23 to 2.12) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.02 to 1.85) | 0.033 |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.73 (0.48 to 1.09) | 0.131 | 0.85 (0.55 to 1.32) | 0.480 |
| Hypertension | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.84 (0.63 to 1.12) | 0.246 | 1.08 (0.78 to 1.48) | 0.628 |
| HIV | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 1.25 (0.81 to 1.19) | 0.301 | 1.78 (1.38 to 2.08) | 0.012 |
P values <0.05 are provided in bold.
aOR, adjusted OR; BMI, body mass index; HCWs, healthcare workers; PPE, personal protective equipment; uOR, unadjusted OR.