Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Subjects in Non-CKD and CKD Groups
| Characteristics | Total | Non-CKD | CKD | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=1969 | N=1562 | N=407 | ||
| Male (n) | 715(36.3%) | 563 (36.0%) | 152 (37.3%) | 0.626 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4±3.3 | 24.1± 3.2 | 25.3± 3. 7 | <0.001 |
| WAIST (cm) | 85.4±9.6 | 84.6± 9.4 | 88.5± 9.7 | <0.001 |
| WHpR | 0.89±0.06 | 0.88± 0.06 | 0.91± 0.06 | <0.001 |
| WHtR | 0.54±0.06 | 0.53± 0.06 | 0.57± 0.06 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 59.0±10.6 | 57.1± 9. 8 | 66.0± 10.7 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 136.5±19.5 | 133.8± 18.7 | 147.0± 19.1 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 83.3±10.7 | 82.6± 10.5 | 86.0± 10.8 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension classification (%) | ||||
| Normal | 52.8% | 58.5% | 31.0% | |
| 1 | 32.0% | 29.3% | 42.3% | <0.001 |
| 2 | 12.3% | 10.4% | 19.7% | <0.001 |
| 3 | 2.8% | 1.7% | 7.1% | <0.001 |
| SCR (umol/L) | 78.3±24.3 | 74.7± 14.5 | 92.1± 42.7 | <0.001 |
| UA (umol/L) | 350.9±89.2 | 342.0± 84.0 | 385.1± 99.6 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 82.0±15.8 | 85.5± 12.4 | 68.8± 19.9 | <0.001 |
| ACR (mg/g) | 11.2 (7.1–0.4) | 9.6 (6.5–14.7) | 44.7 (30.5–87.3) | <0.001 |
| Glu (mmol/L) | 5.4±1.4 | 5.3± 1.1 | 5.9± 2.0 | <0.001 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 1.46 (0.67–2.64) | 1.35 (0.60–2.43) | 1.89 (1.06–3.53) | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.35 (0.99–1.95) | 1.30 (0.96–1.86) | 1.59 (1.15–2.34) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/l) | 3.28±0.95 | 3.26± 0.94 | 3.36± 0.98 | 0.335 |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.50±0.35 | 1.52±0.35 | 1.44± 0.36 | <0.001 |
| HOMA (mmol/L. mU/L) | 2.13 (1.46–3.32) | 2.01 (1.40–3.03) | 2.72 (1.73–4.15) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension disease (%) | 54.6% | 47.8% | 81.1% | <0.01 |
| Diabetes (%) | 12.8% | 9.5% | 25.6% | <0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 38.5% | 32.5% | 61.7% | <0.001 |
| HBP (%) | 68.3% | 62.4% | 90.9% | <0.001 |
| Elevated systolic blood pressure (%) | 61.0% | 55.5% | 82.3% | <0.001 |
| Elevated diastolic blood pressure (%) | 44.8% | 42.1% | 55.3% | <0.001 |
| AO (%) | 65.5% | 62.0% | 78.6% | <0.01 |
| HTG (%) | 34.0% | 31.0% | 45.2% | <0.01 |
| HFBP (%) | 26.1% | 22.2% | 41.0% | <0.01 |
| LHDL-C (%) | 15.7% | 14.0% | 22.1% | <0.01 |
| Drugs to control blood pressure (%) | 31.3% | 25.3% | 54.5% | <0.01 |
| Drugs to control blood glucose (%) | 11.0% | 9.2% | 18.2% | <0.01 |
Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; BMI, body mass index; WHpR, waist-to-hip ratio; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SCR, serum creatinine; UA, serum uric acid; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio; Glu, blood glucose; CRP, C-reactive protein; TG, serum triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA, homeostatic model assessment; AO, abdominal obesity; HTG, high triacylglycerols; HFPG, high fasting plasma glucose; LHDL-C, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.