NR treatment increased the proliferation of NSCs/NPCs in the brain of ALS SOD1G93A mice. Representative photomicrographs showed the immunostaining of vimentin (A cell proliferation marker; red) in the SVZ (A), SGZ (B), OB (C) at 120 days of four groups mice. Cell nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Yellow arrows indicated the colocalization of vimentin+ cell and DAPI. Bar graphs showed the analysis of vimentin+ cells in SVZ (D), SGZ (E), OB (F) regions. Scale bar: 40μm. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM of n=3 mice/group; *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, **** P<0.0001.