HB-EGF induces GCs apoptosis through promoting mPTP opening and enhancing estrogen secretion. A and B, mPTP opening inhibitor ER-000444793 hampered the induction of HB-EGF on cytochrome C release and GCs apoptosis. N = 3. C-E, Blockage of mPTP opening weakened the induction of HB-EGF on cleaved CASP3 expression and activity, while did not alter change its regulation on BAX. N = 4. F, ER antagonist ICI 182780 impeded GCs apoptosis by HB-EGF. N = 3. ICI, ICI 182780. G-I, ER antagonist ICI 182780 attenuated the facilitation of HB-EGF on the expression or activity of CASP3 and BAX. N = 3.