Table 1.
Descriptive analysis: sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 threat, and parental vaccine hesitancy
| Variables | Total sample n (%) | Likelihood of vaccinating children | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not likely/definitely not n (%) | Very likely/somewhat-likely n (%) | |||
| All participants | 396 (100) | 169 (42.7) | 227 (57.3) | N/A |
| Children’s age group (in year) | ||||
| 0–4 | 159 (40.2) | 92 (57.9) | 67 (42.1) | < 0.001 |
| 5–9 | 156(39.4) | 60 (38.5) | 96 (61.5) | |
| 10–14 | 63 (15.9) | 13 (20.6) | 50 (79.4) | |
| 15–17 | 18 (4.5) | 4 (22.2) | 14 (77.8) | |
| Children’s gender | ||||
| Male | 241 (60.9) | 104 (43.2) | 137 (56.8) | 0.811 |
| Female | 155 (39.1) | 65 (41.9) | 90 (58.1) | |
| Parents’ age group (in year) | ||||
| 18–25 | 27 (6.8) | 13 (48.1) | 14 (51.9) | < 0.001 |
| 26–30 | 94 (23.7) | 49 (52.1) | 45 (47.9) | |
| 31–35 | 109 (27.5) | 57 (52.3) | 52 (47.7) | |
| 36–40 | 101 (25.5) | 36 (35.6) | 65 (64.4) | |
| 41–45 | 45 (11.4) | 14 (31.1) | 31 (68.9) | |
| 46–50 | 15 (3.8) | 0 (0) | 15 (100) | |
| ≥ 51 | 5 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 5 (100) | |
| Parents’ gender | ||||
| Female | 157 (39.6) | 74 (47.1) | 83 (52.9) | 0.146 |
| Male | 239 (60.4) | 95 (39.7) | 144 (60.3) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 376 (94.9) | 163 (43.4) | 213 (56.6) | 0.239 |
| Divorced or widow | 20 (5.1) | 6 (30) | 14 (70) | |
| Religion | ||||
| Muslim | 346 (87.4) | 149 (43.1) | 197 (56.9) | 0.521 |
| Hindu | 47 (11.9) | 20 (42.6) | 27 (57.4) | |
| Buddha | 1 (.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | |
| Cristian | 2 (.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (100) | |
| Type of family | ||||
| Joint family | 116 (29.3) | 56 (48.3) | 60 (51.7) | 0.147 |
| Nuclear family | 280 (70.7) | 113 (40.4) | 167 (59.6) | |
| Number of children | ||||
| One | 131 (33.1) | 66 (50.4) | 65 (49.6) | 0.090 |
| Two | 175 (44.2) | 67 (38.3) | 108 (61.7) | |
| Three or more | 90 (22.7) | 36 (40) | 54 (60) | |
| Educational qualification | ||||
| ≤ High school | 118 (29.8) | 46 (39) | 72 (61) | 0.176 |
| College education | 99 (25) | 44 (44.4) | 55 (55.6) | |
| Graduate | 103 (26) | 52 (50.5) | 51 (49.5) | |
| Post graduate | 76 (19.2) | 27 (35.5) | 49 (64.5) | |
| Occupation | ||||
| Service | 96 (24.2) | 41 (42.7) | 55 (57.3) | 0.419 |
| Business | 60 (15.2) | 32 (53.3) | 28 (46.7) | |
| Unemployed | 21 (5.3) | 10 (47.6) | 11 (52.4) | |
| Student | 6 (1.5) | 2 (33.3) | 4 (66.7) | |
| Home maker | 157 (39.6) | 65 (41.4) | 92 (58.6) | |
| Healthcare | 26 (6.6) | 7 (26.9) | 19 (73.1) | |
| Daily labor | 30 (7.6) | 12 (40) | 18 (60) | |
| Monthly household income (৳) | ||||
| < ৳15 000 | 103 (26) | 45 (43.7) | 58 (56.3) | 0.973 |
| ৳ 15,000–30,000 | 86 (21.7) | 35 (40.7) | 51 (59.3) | |
| ৳ 31,000–45,000 | 76 (19.2) | 32 (42.1) | 44 (57.9) | |
| > ৳ 45,000 | 131 (33.1) | 57 (43.5) | 74 (56.5) | |
| Current residence type | ||||
| Own | 186 (47) | 81 (43.5) | 105 (56.5) | 0.907 |
| Rented | 190 (48) | 79 (41.6) | 111 (58.4) | |
| Others | 20 (5) | 9 (45) | 11 (55) | |
| Permanent address | ||||
| Village | 195 (49.2) | 88 (45.1) | 107 (54.9) | 0.128 |
| Semi city | 84 (21.2) | 40 (47.6) | 44 (52.4) | |
| City | 117 (29.5) | 41 (35) | 76 (65) | |
| Current living location | ||||
| Central zone | 248 (62.6) | 107 (43.1) | 141 (56.9) | < 0.001 |
| North zone | 74 (18.7) | 44 (59.5) | 30 (40.5) | |
| South zone | 74 (18.7) | 18 (24.3) | 56 (75.7) | |
| Present tobacco user | ||||
| No | 302 (76.3) | 127 (42.1) | 175 (57.9) | 0.653 |
| Yes | 94 (23.7) | 42 (44.7) | 52 (55.3) | |
| Regular religious practice | ||||
| No | 92 (23.2) | 39 (42.4) | 53 (57.6) | 0.950 |
| Yes | 304 (76.8) | 130 (42.8) | 174 (57.2) | |
| Political affiliation | ||||
| Ruling party | 126 (31.8) | 45 (35.7) | 81 (64.3) | 0.160 |
| Opposition | 49 (12.4) | 19 (38.8) | 30 (61.2) | |
| Neutral | 150 (37.9) | 73 (48.7) | 77 (51.3) | |
| Prefer not to say | 71 (17.9) | 32 (45.1) | 39 (54.9) | |
| Vaccinated/plan to vaccinate children under regular govt. vaccination programs (other than COVID-19) | ||||
| No | 13 (3.3) | 6 (46.2) | 7 (53.8) | 0.779 |
| Yes | 383 (96.7) | 163 (42.6) | 220 (57.4) | |
| Do you think the COVID-19 vaccine will be safe and effective for Bangladeshi children? | ||||
| No | 22 (5.6) | 19 (86.4) | 3 (13.6) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 162 (40.9) | 12 (7.4) | 150 (92.6) | |
| Skeptical | 212 (53.5) | 138 (65.1) | 74 (34.9) | |
| Have you taken or planned to take the COVID-19 vaccine? | ||||
| No | 81 (20.5) | 64 (79) | 17 (21) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 315 (79.5) | 105 (33.3) | 210 (66.7) | |
| Were you or your family member(s) tested positive for COVID-19? | ||||
| No | 239 (60.4) | 121 (50.6) | 118 (49.4) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 157 (39.6) | 48 (30.6) | 109 (69.4) | |
| Have you lost any of your family member(s) for COVID-19? | ||||
| No | 362 (91.4) | 163 (45) | 199 (55) | 0.002 |
| Yes | 34 (8.6) | 6 (17.6) | 28 (82.4) | |
| Perceived likelihood of children or family members’ infection in the next year | ||||
| Very likely | 56 (14.1) | 9 (16.1) | 47 (83.9) | < 0.001 |
| Somewhat likely | 240 (60.6) | 102 (42.5) | 138 (57.5) | |
| Not likely | 73 (18.4) | 40 (54.8) | 33 (45.2) | |
| Definitely not | 27 (6.8) | 18 (66.7) | 9 (33.3) | |
| Level of concern about children or family members’ infection in the next year | ||||
| Very concerned | 49 (12.4) | 14 (28.6) | 35 (71.4) | < 0.001 |
| Concerned | 128 (32.3) | 38 (29.7) | 90 (70.3) | |
| Slightly concerned | 122 (30.8) | 56 (45.9) | 66 (54.1) | |
| Not concerned at all | 97 (24.5) | 61 (62.9) | 36 (37.1) | |
Bold faces are significant at a 5% significance level