Table 1.
Newcastle‐Ottawa scale for study quality.
| Author, year | Selection | Comparability 1 | Outcome/exposure | Total score | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 2 | 3 3 | |||
| Yoshitake, 1995 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 8 |
| Hyman, 1996 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 7 | |
| Notkola, 1998 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 8 |
| Slooter, 1999 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 7 | |
| Moroney, 1999 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 7 | |
| Kivipelto, 2002 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 8 |
| Tan, 2003 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 8 |
| Reitz, 2004 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | 8 | |
| Solfrizzi, 2004 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 7 | |
| Li, 2005 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 9 |
| Mielke, 2005 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 8 |
| Reitz, 2008 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | 8 | |
| Raffaitan, 2009 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | 8 | |
| Reitz, 2010 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | 8 | |
| Mielke, 2010 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 9 |
| Beydoun, 2011 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 9 |
| Ancelin, 2013 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 9 |
| Taniguchi, 2014 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 7 | |
| Toro, 2014 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 8 |
| Rantanen, 2014 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 9 |
| Sabrina, 2017 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 9 |
| Marcum, 2018 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 9 |
| Chung, 2019 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 9 |
| Svensson, 2019 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 7 | |
| Lee, 2020 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 9 |
Studies with more than six stars were regarded as high quality.
1
Covariates of the included studies are list in Table S1.
2
Studies with more than 10 years of follow‐up are awarded an asterisk.
3
Studies with more than 75% follow‐up rate are awarded an asterisk.