Table 1.
Characteristics of studies on dietary LC n-3 PUFAs intake and risk of HF.
| Study | Country/region | Cohort characteristics | Dietary data | Measure of exposure | Sample size (% women) | HF case (n) | Age (years), average (range or SD) | Follow-up (years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Åkesson et al. 11 | Sweden | Population based | FFQ | EPA + DHA | 69,498 (47.4%) | 5504 | 59.1 (10.0) | 12.0 |
| Wilk et al. 15 | United States | Healthy male physicians | FFQ | EPA + DHA + DPA | 19,097 (0%) | 703 | 58.7 (NA) | 8.4 |
| Belin et al. 16 | United States | Postmenopausal women | FFQ | EPA + DHA | 84,493 (100%) | 1858 | 63.3 (50–79) | 10.0 |
| Levitan et al. 12 | Sweden | Swedish women | FFQ | EPA + DHA | 36,234 (100%) | 651 | 61.6 (48–83) | 9.0 |
| Dijkstra et al. 17 | Netherlands | Population based | FFQ | EPA + DHA | 5299 (59.0%) | 669 | 67.5 (7.7) | 11.4 |
| Levitan et al. 18 | Sweden | Population-based male | FFQ | EPA + DHA | 39,367 (0%) | 597 | 59.3 (45–79) | 7.0 |
| Yamagishi et al. 13 -JACC study | Japan | Population based | FFQ | EPA + DHA + DPA | 57,972 (60.5%) | 307 | 56.1 (40–79) | 12.7 |
| Mozaffarian et al. 14 | United States | Population based | FFQ | EPA + DHA | 4738 (58.1%) | 955 | 73.0 (⩾65) | 12.0 |
DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; DPA, docosapentaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; FFQ, food frequency questionnaire; HF, heart failure; JACC, Japan Collaborative Cohort; LC, long chain; NA, not available; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SD, standard deviation.