Table 3.
Subgroup analyses of the association between dietary LC n-3 PUFAs intake and risk of HF.
| Studies (N) | Quintile 5 versus Quintile 1 | Per 1 SD increment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p value a /I2 | HR (95% CI) | p value a /I2 | ||
| Average age (years) | |||||
| <60 | 4 | 0.84 [0.72, 0.97] | 0.98/0% | 0.94 [0.89, 0.99] | 0.98/0% |
| ⩾60 | 4 | 0.84 [0.70, 1.01] | 0.94 [0.88, 1.00] | ||
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 5 | 0.91 [0.81, 1.02] | 0.28/14.2% | 0.98 [0.94, 1.02] | 0.16/49.4% |
| Male | 5 | 0.83 [0.75, 0.93] | 0.94 [0.91, 0.97] | ||
| Follow-up duration (years) | |||||
| <10 | 3 | 0.89 [0.78, 1.03] | 0.45/0% | 0.96 [0.90, 1.02] | 0.36/0% |
| ⩾10 | 5 | 0.83 [0.75, 0.92] | 0.92 [0.88, 0.98] | ||
| Measure of exposure | |||||
| EPA + DHA | 6 | 0.84 [0.75, 0.95] | 0.72/0% | 0.94 [0.90, 0.98] | 0.73/0% |
| EPA + DHA + DPA | 2 | 0.77 [0.49, 1.23] | 0.91 [0.77, 1.08] | ||
| Region | |||||
| Europe | 4 | 0.83 [0.74, 0.93] | 0.16/46.1% | 0.94 [0.89, 0.98] | 0.17/44.2% |
| United States | 3 | 0.90 [0.80, 1.02] | 0.96 [0.90, 1.02] | ||
| Asia | 1 | 0.58 [0.36, 0.93] | 0.82 [0.69, 0.98] | ||
CI, confidence interval; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; DPA, docosapentaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; HF, heart failure; HR, hazard ratio; LC, long chain; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SD, standard deviation.
a
For heterogeneity among subgroups.