Table 4.
Effect of comorbidities in humoral response following Pfizer-BioNTech (mRNA BNT162b2) vaccine administration.
| Author | Country of origin | Sample size | Median age (range) | Measured immunoglobulin | % difference of means |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemodialysis/end-stage renal disease | |||||
| Jahn et al. [25] | Germany |
Controls (n=16) HDPs (n = 72) |
Controls: 45.5 y/o (39–65) HDPs: 68 y/o (37–90) 37–59 y/o: 54 y/o (ND) 60–69 y/o: 64.5 y/o (ND) 70–79 y/o: 76 y/o (ND) 80–90 y/o: 82 y/o (ND) |
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG |
D38 Ab is 44% higher in HCW vs. all HDP Ab is 21% higher in HCW vs. 37–59 y/o HDP Ab is 40% higher in HCW vs. 60–69 y/o HDP Ab is 62% higher in HCW vs. 70–79 y/o HDP Ab is 66% higher in HCW vs. 80–90 y/o HDP Ab is 24% higher in 37–59 y/o HDP vs. 60–69 y/o HDP Ab is 52% higher in 37–59 y/o HDP vs. 70–79 y/o HDP Ab is 57% higher in 37–59 y/o HDP vs. 80–90 y/o HDP Ab is 37% higher in 60–69 y/o HDP vs. 70–79 y/o HDP Ab is 43% higher in 60–69 y/o HDP vs. 80–90 y/o HDP Ab is 9% higher in 70–79 y/o HDP vs. 80–90 y/o HDP |
| Goupil et al. [26] | Canada |
Controls (n = 40) w/o previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 20) w/ previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 20) HDPs (n = 150) w/o previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 131) w/ previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 19) |
Controls w/o previous SARS-CoV-2 infection: 52 y/o (21–59) w/ previous SARS-CoV-2 infection: 46 y/o (23–65) HDPs w/o previous SARS-CoV-2 infection: 73 y/o (33–92) w/ previous SARS-CoV-2 infection: 76 y/o (51–90) |
Anti-N |
D21 Controls IgG is 81% higher in those with previous infection vs. without previous infection D26 HDP IgG is 95% higher in those with previous infection vs. without previous infection D56 HDP IgG is 96% higher in those with previous infection vs. without previous infection D21 and D26 IgG is 89% higher in those controls without previous infection vs. HDP without previous infection IgG is 60% higher in those controls with previous infection vs. HDP with previous infection |
| Frantzen et al. [27] | France | HDPs (n = 244) | 71 y/o (63–80) | Anti-S | No control |
| Zitt et al. [28] | Austria |
Individuals who received the first dose (n = 50) Individuals who received the second dose (n = 48) |
67.6 y/o (ND) | Anti-RBD, anti-NTD IgG | No control |
| Torreggiani et al. [29] |
France |
101 |
68.89 (ND) |
Anti-S IgG |
No control
|
|
Cancer and autoimmune diseases
| |||||
| Herishanu et al. [30] | Israel |
Total (n = 219) CLL/SLL (n = 167) Only CLL w/ antibody response (n = 52) were compared to controls Control (n = 52) |
Control: 68 y/o (64–74) CLL/SLL: 71.0 y/o (63.0–76.0) |
D35–42 IgG titer of control is 80.65% higher vs. CLL patients |
|
| Pimpinelli et al. [31] | Italy |
Controls (n = 36) MM (n = 42) MPM (n = 50) |
>80 y/o (ND) | Anti-S1/S2 IgG |
D21 IgG titer of control is 56% higher vs. MM patients IgG titer of control is 5.26% higher vs. MPM patients D35 IgG titer of control is 69.8% higher vs. MM patients IgG titer of control is 51.06% higher vs. MPM patients |
| Massarweh et al. [32] | Israel |
Controls (n = 78) Solid tumor patients undergoing active IV anticancer treatment (n = 102) |
Control: 62 y/o (49–70) Solid tumor patients undergoing active IV anticancer treatment: 66 y/o (56–72) |
Anti-S-RBD IgG |
D59–61 IgG titer of control is 68.48% higher vs. cancer patients |
| Goshen-Lago et al. [33] | Israel |
Controls (n = 261) Men (n = 118) Women (n = 143) Solid tumor patients receiving active intravenous treatment (n = 232) Men (n = 132) Women (n = 100) |
Controls: 64 y/o (25–81) Solid tumor patients receiving active intravenous treatment: 68 y/o (25–88) |
Anti-S1/S2 IgG | Mean difference could not be computed |
| Furer et al. [34] | Israel |
Controls (n = 121) AIIRD (n = 686) RA (n = 263) PsA (n = 165) AxSpA (n = 68) SLE (n = 101) IIM (n = 19) LVV (n = 21) ANCA-AAV (n = 26) Other vasculitis (n = 23) |
Controls: 50 y/o (18–90) AIIRD: 59 y/o (19–88) RA: 64 y/o (20–88) PsA: 55 y/o (20–86) AxSpA: 49.5 y/o (21–83) SLE: 46 y/o (22–80) IIM: 64 y/o (34–76) LVV: 70 y/o (26–85) AAV: 60.5 y/o (26–85) Other vasculitis: 56 y/o (19–77) |
Anti-S1/S2 IgG |
D45–D63 Ab titer is 39% higher in controls vs. participants with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases Ab titer is 50% higher in controls vs. participants with rheumatoid arthritis Ab titer is 26% higher in controls vs. participants with psoriatic arthritis Ab titer is 21% higher in controls vs. participants with axial spondyloarthritis Ab titer is 26% higher in controls than participants with systemic lupus erythematosus Ab titer is 80% higher in controls vs. participants with idiopathic inflammatory myositis Ab titer is 34% higher in controls vs. participants with large vessel vasculitis Ab titer is 82% higher in controls vs. participants with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis Ab titer is 44% higher in controls vs. participants with other types of vasculitis |
| Gallo et al. [35] | Italy |
Controls (HCWs) (n = 121) pwMS on OCR (n = 4) |
Controls (HCWs): 41.2 y/o (31.9–55.9) pwMS Patient 1: 33 y/o Patient 2: 35 y/o Patient 3: 42 y/o Patient 4: 51 y/o |
Anti-S IgG |
D14 Geometric mean IgG titer is 92% higher in HCW controls vs. patients with multiple sclerosis D21 Geometric mean IgG titer is 90% higher in HCW controls vs. patients with multiple sclerosis D28 Geometric mean IgG titer is 97% higher in HCW controls vs. patients with multiple sclerosis |
| | |||||
|
Transplant patients
| |||||
| Korth et al. [36] | Germany |
Controls (HCWs) (n = 23) Renal transplant patients (n = 23) |
Controls (HCWs): 44.4 y/o (ND) Renal transplant patients: 57.7 y/o (ND) |
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG |
D36 The IgG titer of control is 92.9% higher than renal transplant patients |
| Marinaki et al. [37] | Greece |
Controls (HCWs) (n = 116) SOT patients (n = 34) |
Controls (HCWs): ND SOT patients: ≤60 y/o: (ND) >60 y/o: (ND) |
Anti-SARS-CoV-2-RBD IgG |
IgG titer post-second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine Antibody response rate of Control is 41.2% higher vs. solid organ transplants |
| Shostak et al. [38] | Israel | 168 | 60.5 y/o (49.25–67.75) | Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG |
D22–28 IgG titers of previous seropositive individuals is 81.97% higher vs. seronegative individuals D35–42 IgG titers of previous seropositive individuals is 99.07% higher vs. seronegative individuals |
| Grupper et al. [39] |
Israel |
Controls (HCWs) (n = 25) Kidney transplant patients (n = 136) |
Controls (HCWs): 52.7 (ND) Kidney transplant patients: 58.6 y/o (ND) |
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG |
D31–41 IgG titer of control group is 92.49% higher vs. kidney transplant group |
|
Metabolic derangements and smoking
| |||||
| Ríos et al. [6] | Spain | 134 | 82.9 y/o (65–99) | Anti-S-RBD IgG |
D43 IgG titer of participants with Charlson index <3 is 30% less vs. with Charlson index ≥3 |
| Pellini et al. [13] | Italy | 248 | 47 y/o (18–75) | Anti-S1/S2 IgG |
D28 Ab GMC is 28% higher in underweight vs. normal weight participants Ab GMC is 51% higher in underweight vs. pre-obese individuals Ab GMC is 63% higher in underweight vs. obese individuals Ab GMC is 32% higher in normal weight vs. pre-obese individuals Ab GMC is 49% higher in normal weight vs. obese individuals Ab GMC is 25% higher in pre-obese vs. obese individuals Ab GMC is 44% higher in normotensive vs. hypertensive individuals |
| Watanabe et al. [40] | Italy | 86 | 29 y/o (ND) | Anti-S total Ab |
D28–56 Ab titer is 43% higher in nonsmokers vs. smokers Ab titer is 66% higher in normotensive vs. hypertensive participants Ab titer is 71% higher in non-dyslipidemic vs. dyslipidemic participants |
ND: no data; HDP: hemodialysis patients; HCW: healthcare workers; CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia; SLL: small lymphocytic leukemia; MM: multiple myeloma; MPM: myeloproliferative malignancy; AIIRD: autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; PsA: psoriatic arthritis; AxSpA: axial spondyloarthritis; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; IIM: idiopathic inflammatory myositis; LVV: large vessel vasculitis; ANCA-AAV: antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis; pwMS: people with multiple sclerosis; OCR: ocrelizumab; SOT: solid organ transplant; GMC: geometric mean concentration.