Table 1.
Respondent Demographics and Recommendations for HPV Vaccination.
| Variable |
Total sample (N=205) |
Not strong or frequent recommenders (n=89) |
Strong and frequent recommenders n=116) |
P-value (2-sided) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) or mean (SD) | n (%) or mean (SD) | n (%) or mean (SD) | ||
| Provider Characteristics | ||||
| Age | 53.0 (10.5) | 51.7 (11.4) | 53.9 (9.8) | 0.134 |
| Sex | 0.066 | |||
| Male | 106 (57.0) | 50 (64.9) | 56 (51.4) | |
| Female | 80 (43.0) | 27 (35.1) | 53 (48.6) | |
| Years practicing medicine | 23.2 (11.3) | 21.4 (12.1) | 24.4 (10.5) | 0.054 |
| Race/Ethnicity | 0.216 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 132 (69.1) | 53 (67.1) | 79 (70.5) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 3 (1.6) | 2 (2.5) | 1 (0.9) | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 28 (14.7) | 9 (11.4) | 19 (17.0) | |
| Non-Hispanic Other / Prefer not to Answer | 20 (10.5) | 9 (11.4) | 11 (9.8) | |
| Hispanic (of any race) | 8 (4.2) | 6 (7.6) | 2 (1.8) | |
| Clinical Specialty | 0.450 | |||
| Obstetrician Gynecologist or Gynecologist | 182 (96.3) | 74 (94.9) | 108 (97.3) | |
| Other gynecology related specialty1 | 7 (3.7) | 4 (5.1) | 3 (2.7) | |
| Clinic Characteristics | ||||
| Is the HPV vaccine stocked in your clinic | 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 159 (77.9) | 59 (67.0) | 100 (86.2) | |
| No | 45 (22.1) | 29 (33.0) | 16 (13.8) | |
| HPV education materials available in clinic | 0.190 | |||
| Yes | 161 (87.5) | 61 (83.6) | 100 (90.1) | |
| No | 23 (12.5) | 12 (16.4) | 11 (9.9) | |
| Majority patient payment method | 0.508 | |||
| Private insurance/HMO | 134 (70.2) | 51 (64.6) | 83 (74.1) | |
| Medicaid | 42 (22.0) | 21 (26.6) | 21 (18.8) | |
| Uninsured/Self-pay/Other | 6 (3.1) | 3 (3.8) | 3 (2.7) | |
| Unsure/No definable payment majority | 9 (4.7) | 4 (5.1) | 5 (4.5) | |
| FQHC2 | 0.646 | |||
| Yes | 17 (8.9) | 8 (10.1) | 9 (8.0) | |
| No | 137 (71.7) | 58 (73.4) | 79 (70.5) | |
| Unsure | 37 (19.4) | 13 (16.5) | 24 (21.4) | |
| Geographic location: | 0.025 | |||
| Rural | 24 (12.6) | 16 (20.3) | 8 (7.2) | |
| Urban | 59 (31.0) | 24 (30.4) | 35 (31.5) | |
| Suburban | 107 (56.3) | 39 (49.4) | 68 (61.3) | |
| EMR reminder prompts for any vaccination3 | 0.428 | |||
| Yes | 80 (40.6) | 29 (35.4) | 51 (44.3) | |
| No | 92 (46.7) | 41 (50.0) | 51 (44.3) | |
| Unsure | 25 (12.7) | 12 (14.6) | 13 (11.3) | |
| EMR reminder prompts for HPV vaccination3 | 0.159 | |||
| Yes | 55 (27.9) | 17 (20.7) | 38 (33.0) | |
| No | 115 (58.4) | 52 (63.4) | 63 (54.8) | |
| Unsure | 27 (13.7) | 13 (15.9) | 14 (12.2) | |
| Systems-level barriers to HPV vaccination | 1.6 (1.5) | 1.9 (1.5) | 1.3 (1.4) | 0.004 |
| Provider Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs | ||||
| Believe HPV vaccine should be incorporated into regular clinic care for non-pregnant patients | 0.012 | |||
| Yes | 181 (91.9) | 71 (86.6) | 110 (95.7) | |
| No | 16 (8.1) | 11 (13.4) | 5 (4.3) | |
| Benefits of HPV vaccine to patients | 4.5 (0.6) | 4.3 (0.6) | 4.6 (0.5) | 0.001 |
| Perception of other OB/GYN recommendation frequency | <0.001 | |||
| All/almost all (>90% of the time) | 23 (11.2) | 1 (1.1) | 22 (19.0) | |
| Most (60-90% of the time) | 78 (38.0) | 24 (27.0) | 54 (46.6) | |
| About half (40-59% of the time) | 72 (35.1) | 43 (48.3) | 29 (25.0) | |
| Some/None/Almost none (<39% of the time) | 32 (15.6) | 21 (23.6) | 11 (9.5) | |
| Perceive other primary care providers adequately recommend vaccination | 0.414 | |||
| Yes | 56 (28.7) | 21 (25.6) | 35 (31.0) | |
| No | 139 (71.3) | 61 (74.4) | 78 (69.0) | |
| Discuss STI or genital warts prevention | 0.491 | |||
| Yes | 171 (88.6) | 69 (86.3) | 102 (90.3) | |
| No | 22 (11.4) | 11 (13.8) | 11 (9.7) | |
| Discuss cervical cancer prevention | 0.722 | |||
| Yes | 190 (96.0) | 79 (95.2) | 111 (96.5) | |
| No | 8 (4.0) | 4 (4.8) | 4 (3.5) | |
| Number of other HPV-related cancers mentioned | 2.8 (2.0) | 2.4 (2.0) | 3.1 (1.9) | 0.009 |
| Importance of patient medical and social history | 2.0 (0.6) | 2.1 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.6) | 0.085 |
| Knowledge score | 5.2 (1.2) | 4.9 (1.2) | 5.4 (1.1) | 0.002 |
| Provider’s beliefs about vaccine safety or efficacy as barriers to vaccination | 4.2 (1.0) | 3.9 (1.1) | 4.3 (1.0) | 0.004 |
| Provider Perception of Patient Attitudes and Beliefs | ||||
| Patient-level barriers | 2.5 (0.7) | 2.5 (0.6) | 2.6 (0.7) | 0.466 |
| Perception of patient interest in HPV vaccine | <0.001 | |||
| Yes, at least 50% of patients | 128 (66.3) | 38 (46.9) | 90 (80.4) | |
| Less than 50% of patients or don't know | 65 (33.7) | 43 (53.1) | 22 (19.6) | |
| If you recommended HPV vaccination to patients: | 0.011 | |||
| Patients would accept | 121 (63.0) | 42 (51.8) | 79 (69.9) | |
| Patients would not accept | 71 (37.0) | 38 (46.9) | 33 (29.2) | |
1. Includes trainees (n = 2) Obstetrician (n = 1) Gynecologic Oncologist (n = 1) and non-CGO Sub-specialist (n = 4).
2. FQHC is Federally Qualified Health Center.
3. EMR is Electronic Medical Record.