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. 2022 Mar 18;8:20552076221085070. doi: 10.1177/20552076221085070

Table 3.

Our risk framework of health misinformation based on the evidence.

Domain of impact – harms Consequence
Physical Limited accurate knowledge about available treatments
Misplaced actions
Social Victimisation and stigma
Economic Falling for scams
Panic buying
Political Limited trust in officials
Rejection of official guidelines
Disregard of government-led responses
Psychological Mental health epidemic
Extreme anxiety
Long-term depression