Table 2.

Case review on rhabdomyolysis during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Case	Study	Years/gender	Primary disease	Conditioning regimen	Transplant	Time	Suspected cause	Symptom	Creatine kinase	AKI	Therapy	Fate
1	Volin, et al., 199011	27/M	CML	Cyclophosphamide, TBI	MSDT	+ 3 month	CsA, corticosteroids, fluconazole	Grand mal seizure, bilateral lower extremity weakness, pain, dark red urine	81,000 U/L	Yes	Peritoneal dialysis	Died
2	Maruyama, et al.,199412	17/F	Ki-1 lymphoma	Melphalan, etoposide and TBI	PBSCT	+ 23 day	CMV infection	Severe muscle weakness, muscle pain	110 mU/mL (< 25 mU/mL)	Yes (Cr = 4.2 mg/dl)	Hydration, alkalization	Survive
3	Hoshi, et al.,199913	38/M	CC	Ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide	Auto-HSCT	0 day	HDC, pretreatment renal dysfunction, ifosfamide, sedatives	Dyspnea, hemoptysis, dark red urine	6150 IU/L	Yes	Hemodialysis	Died (respiratory failure)
4	Pugliese, et al.,200014	Unknown	Breast cancer	Cyclophosphamide	Auto-HSCT	+ 7 day	Vancomycin	Severe muscle weakness	1756 U/L	No	Hydration, alkalization	Survive
5	Rossi, et al.,200015	16/M	ATL	TBI, etoposide, cyclophosphamide	MSDT	+ 11 day	ABCD	Muscular hypertonus, trismus, severe muscular pain	21,730 U/L	No	Intensive care unit	Survive
6	Shima, et al.,200216	47/F	ATLL	TBI, cyclophosphamide	NO	Pre-transplant period	High-dose cyclophosphamide	Generalized convulsions, muscle fatigue, severe acidosis	34,863 IU/L	No	Hydration, alkalization	Survive
7	Tong, et al.,200517	66/M	MM	TBI, cyclophosphamide	Auto-HSCT, MSDT	+ 22 day	CsA, simvastatin	Bilateral lower extremity weakness, pain	29,253 U/L	Yes (Cr = 2 mg/dl)	Hydration, alkalization	Survive
8	Vives, et al.,200818	54/M	AML	Fludarabine, busulfan	MSDT	+ 1 month	Simvastatin, CsA, risperidone	Pelvic muscle weakness, severe muscular pain	88 370 U/L	Yes (Cr = 4.81 mg/dl)	Hydration, alkalization	Survive
9	Jiang, et al.,201619	41/F	CML	Busulfan, cyclophosphamide	MSDT	+ 55 day	Infection, GVHD, metabolic disorders, CsA, methylprednisolone	Anasarca and muscle tenderness	1614 μg/L(25–200 μg/L)	Yes	Unknown	Died
10	Sokolova, et al.,201720	21/M	GCT	Unknown	Auto-HSCT	+ 12 day	Paclitaxel, ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide	Bilateral leg pain	30,841 IU/L	No	Hydration, alkalization	Survive
11	Our case	55/M	HAAA	Fludarabine, ATG, cyclophosphamide	Haplo-HSCT	+ 7 day	Gene mutation, muscle strain, Infection, TMP/SMX, atorvastatin	Muscle pain, dark urine, swelling of the left thigh	852 U/L	Yes	Hydration, alkalization	Died

CML chronic myeloid leukemia, CC choriocarcinoma, ATL acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia, ATLL adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, MM multiple myeloma, AML acute myelogenous leukemia, GCT germ cell tumor, HAAA hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia, MSDT matched sibling donor transplantation, PBSCT peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, Auto-HSCT autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Haplo-HSCT haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, TBI total body irradiation, HDC high-dose chemotherapy, CsA cyclosporine A, CMV cytomegalovirus, ABCD amphotericin B colloidal dispersion, AKI acute kidney injury