Table 5.

Bi-variable logistic regression analysis of association of variables with under-five acute diarrhea among CLTSH-implementing, non-implementing kebeles and pooled estimate in Menz Gera Midir District, North Shoa Zone, and Amhara Region, Ethiopia, February and March 2020

Variable	Category	Model 1: CLTSH-implementing				Model 2: Non-CLTHS-implementing				Model 3 (Pooled Analysis)
		Acute diarrhea		COR	P-value	Acute diarrhea		COR	P-value	Acute diarrhea		COR	P-value
		No	Yes			No	Yes			No	Yes
Relation to child	Caregiver	31	6	1.86(0.68–5.11)	0.220	88	24	1.30(0.76–2.22)	0.330	119	30	1.49(0.93–2.38)	0.091
	Mother	164	17	Ref		268	56	Ref		432	73	Ref
Mother’s education	Illiterate	31	5	1.69(0.47–5.98)	0.410	55	16	1.00(0.48–2.08)	0.981	86	21	1.21(0.64–2.26)	0.541
	Read and write	7	2	3.00(0.50–17.80	0.221	14	1	0.24(0.03–1.98)	0.182	21	3	0.70(0.19–2.54)	0.593
	Primary school	94	10	1.11(0.38–3.22)	0.831	211	41	0.67(0.37–1.20)	0.173	305	51	0.83(0.50–1.37)	0.464
	Secondary or above	63	6	Ref		76	22	Ref		139	28	Ref
Household size (persons)	> 5	61	10	1.69(0.70–4.06)	0.243	127	24	0.77(0.45–1.30)	0.336	188	34	0.95(0.60–1.48)	0.828
	1–5	134	13	Ref		229	56	Ref		363	69	Ref
Sex of child	Female	110	10	0.59(0.24–1.42)	0.244	181	33	0.67(0.41–1.10)	0.121	291	43	0.64(0.41–0.98)	0.043
	Male	85	13	Ref		175	47	Ref		260	60	Ref
Age of child (months)	6–11	20	3	2.35(0.43–12.65)	0.325	39	9	0.94(0.39-.28)	0.901	59	12	1.15(0.53–2.49)	0.710
	12–23	37	7	2.96(0.71–12.25)	0.136	76	16	0.86(0.41–1.80)	0.692	113	23	1,15(0.61–2.18)	0.650
	24–35	47	4	1.33(0.28–6.28)	0.717	93	21	0.92(0.46–1.84)	0.823	140	25	1.01(0.54–1.88)	0.964
	36–47	44	6	2.13(0.50–9.06)	0.308	70	15	0.88(0.41–1.86)	0.738	114	21	1.04(0.54–2.00)	0.891
	48–59	47	3	Ref		78	19	Ref		125	22	Ref
Number of under-five children per household	Two or more	18	4	2.07(0.63–6.75)	0.229	56	17	1.44(0.78–2.65)	0.231	74	21	1.65(0.96–2.82)	0.061
	One	177	19	Ref		300	63	Ref		477	82	Ref
Monthly household income ($, USD)	< 15.0	152	17	0.47(0.14–1.57)	0.221	285	56	0.56(0.22–1.39)	0.213	437	73	0.56(0.27–1.15)	0.111
	15.0–22.7	26	2	0.32(0.05–1.98)	0.224	51	17	0.95(0.34–2.64)	0.924	77	19	0.83(0.35–192)	0.661
	> 22.7	17	4	Ref		20	7	Ref		37	11	Ref
Source of drinking water	Unimproved	60	10	1.73(0.71–4.16)	0.223	96	45	3.48(2.11–5.74)	< 0.001	156	55	2.90(1.88–4.45)	< 0.001
	Improved	135	13	Ref		260	35	Ref		395	48	Ref
Walking distance to water source (minutes)	> 30	128	20	3.49(1.00–12.16)	0.054	279	58	0.72(0.41–1.26)	0.251	407	78	1.10(0.67–1.80)	0.690
	≤ 30	67	3	Ref		77	22	Ref		144	25	Ref
Latrine availability	No	26	1	0.29(0.03–2.28)	0.245	97	33	1.87(1.13–3.09)	0.011	123	34	1.71(1.08–2.70)	0.028
	Yes	169	22	Ref		259	47	Ref		428	69	Ref
Average daily water consumption per person (liters)	< 20	153	19	1.30(0.42–4.04)	0.641	293	61	0.69(0.38–1.23)	0.212	446	80	0.81(0.49–1.36)	0.445
	≥ 20	42	4	Ref		63	19	Ref		105	23	Ref
Child feces disposal	Outside latrine	50	10	2.23(0.92–5.40)	0.072	202	62	2.62(1.49–4.62)	< 0.001	252	72	2.75(1.75–4.33)	< 0.001
	Inside latrine	145	13	Ref		154	18	Ref		299	31	Ref
Solid waste disposal	Improper	46	10	2.49(1.02–6.05)	0.043	144	51	2.58(1.56–4.28)	0.001	190	61	2.76(1.79–4.24)	0.001
	Proper	149	13	Ref		212	29	Ref		361	42	Ref
Liquid waste disposal	Improper	68	11	1.71(0.71–4.08)	0.227	120	40	1.78(1.09–2.90)	0.021	196	51	1.77(1.16–2.71)	0.008
	Proper	127	12	Ref		228	40	Ref		355	52	Ref
Livestock kept in house	Yes	45	8	1.77(0.70–4.46)	0.225	71	15	0.92(0.49–1.72)	0.801	116	23	1.07(0.64–1.79)	0.770
	No	150	15	Ref		285	65	Ref		435	80	Ref
Currently breastfeeding	No	79	6	0.51(0.19–1.37)	0.184	132	24	0.72(0.43–1.22)	0.231	211	30	0.66(0.41–1.04)	0.071
	Yes	116	17	Ref		224	56	Ref		340	73	Ref
Home water treatment	No	107	18	2.96(1.05–8.29)	0.038	237	66	2.36(1.27–4.38)	0.001	344	84	2.66(1.57–4.50)	< 0.001
	Yes	88	5	Ref		119	14	Ref		207	19	Ref
Water drawing method	Pouring	96	13	Ref	0.849	163	31	Ref		259	44	Ref
	Dipping	61	7	0.84(0.32–2.24)	0.588	189	46	1.28(0.77–2.11)	0.330	250	53	1.24(0.80–1.93)	0.310
	Both	38	3	0.58(0.15–2.16)	0.083	4	3	3.94(0.84–18.49)	0.081	42	6	0.84(0.33–2.09)	0.71
Handwashing at critical times per day	1–2	89	16	2.72(1.07–6.91)	0.034	142	52	2.79(1.68–4.64)	0 < .001	231	68	2.69(1.73–4.18)	< 0.001
	3–5	106	7	Ref		214	28	Ref		320	35	Ref
Handwashing material	Water only	102	18	3.28(1.17–9.19)	0.025	157	42	1.40(0.86–2.27)	0.174	259	60	1.57(1.02–2.40)	0.031
	Water and soap/ash	93	5	Ref		199	38	Ref		292	43	Ref
Feces seen in compound	Yes	28	6	2.10(0.76–5.79)	0.151	133	36	1.37(0.84–2.23)	0.201	161	42	1.66(1.08–2.57)	0.029
	No	167	17	Ref		223	44	Ref		390	61	Ref
CLTSH status of kebele	Implemented									195	23	0.32(0.23–0.86)	< 0.001
	Not implemented									356	80	Ref

Ref, reference category