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. 2022 Mar 21;15:97. doi: 10.1186/s13071-022-05227-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Expression profiles of genes involved in the mitochondrial respiratory complex (MRC), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in O. hupensis after WPN treatment. a Dynamic expression profile of genes coding for NADH dehydrogenase (NADH), succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome C oxidase (CCO), ATPase, and cytochrome c reductase (CCR) in the whole snail determined using qPCR. b ROS production in the whole snail, head-foot region, and liver-gonad determined using the 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) method. Asterisk indicates statistically significant difference (*P < 0.05) when the level is compared with that at 0 h for the same tissue. For other abbreviations, see Fig. 2