Table 1.

Mortality rate (%) of snails after wettable powder of niclosamide (WPN) treatment with or without the alternative oxidase (AOX) inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)

Group	6 h	12 h	24 h	48 h	χ2	P
H2O	5.00 ± 7.07	3.33 ± 2.36	1.67 ± 2.36	5.33 ± 4.11	0.247	0.684
Methanol	1.67 ± 2.36	7.22 ± 6.14	2.78 ± 2.08	12.50 ± 2.50	3.761	0.056
SHAM	6.67 ± 6.24	5.00 ± 4.08	1.67 ± 2.36	12.50 ± 2.50	0.751	0.415
0.04 mg/L WPN	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	1.25 ± 2.17	10.89 ± 11.69 a, b	14.656	0.000
0.06 mg/L WPN	1.25 ± 2.17	1.25 ± 2.17	8.75 ± 4.15	32.50 ± 10.90* a, b, c	40.815	0.000
0.08 mg/L WPN	2.50 ± 2.50	2.50 ± 2.50	18.57 ± 7.49* a, b	60.24 ± 13.12* a, b, c	88.298	0.000
0.1 mg/L WPN	5.24 ± 0.34	32.21 ± 12.66* a	49.58 ± 9.60* a	91.67 ± 8.03* a, b, c	144.024	0.000
0.04 mg/L WPN + SHAM	0.00 ± 0.00	3.67 ± 2.62 d	34.90 ± 3.74* a, b	91.72 ± 6.02* a, b, c	216.473	0.000
0.06 mg/L WPN + SHAM	2.50 ± 2.50	7.32 ± 4.02 d	77.50 ± 5.59* a, b, d	95.00 ± 3.54* a, b, c	194.708	0.000
0.08 mg/L WPN + SHAM	11.25 ± 4.15	34.29 ± 12.05* a	82.50 ± 5.59* a, b, d	100.00 ± 0.00* a, b, c, d	161.253	0.000
0.1 mg/L WPN + SHAM	19.29 ± 3.75* d	46.68 ± 6.74* ad	87.32 ± 9.17* a, b, d	100.00 ± 0.00* a, b, c, d	189.074	0.000

Lowercase letters indicate the following: a, mortality at that time point was significantly higher than that at 6 h for the same group (P < 0.05); b, mortality at that time point was significantly higher than that at 12 h for the same group (P < 0.05); c, mortality at that time point was significantly higher than that at 24 h, for the same group (P < 0.05); d, significant difference in mortality between the treatment group and the 0.1 WPN group at that time point (P < 0.05)

* P < 0.05 (significant difference in mortality between that treatment group and the H₂O group at that time point)