Table 1.
Study and patients characteristics
| Author | Country | Design | Setting | Confirmed CAM, N | Observational period | Age (Mean, SD) [range] | Male, % (N) | Diabetes, % (N) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moorthy A. [20] | India | Retrospective | Multi-center | 17 | May 2020–Dec 2020 | 55 [35–73] | 83 (14) | 88 (15) |
| El-Kholy NA. [21] | Egypt | Prospective | Single-center | 28 | Aug 2020–Dec 2020 | 53 ± 11 | 53 (15) | – |
| Ravani SA. [22] | India | Retrospective | Single-center | 31 | Sep 2020–Mar 2021 | 56 | 65 (20) | 94 (30) |
| Ramaswami A. [23] | India | Retrospective | Single-center | 70 | Apr 2021–Jun 2021 | 45 [38–56] | 60 (42) | 70 (49) |
| Gupta NK. [24] | India | Retrospective | Single-center | 74 | Mar 2021–May 2021 | 52 | 65 (48) | 97 (72) |
| Mishra Y. [25] | India | Retrospective | Single-center | 32 | Apr 2021–May 2021 | 58 ± 9 | 47 (15) | 88 (28) |
| Kumari A. [26] | India | Retrospective | Single-center | 20 | Mar 2021–May 2021 | 54 [35–67] | 55 (11) | 80 (16) |
| Gupta DP. [27] | India | Prospective | Single-center | 70 | Mar 2020–Dec 2020 | [20–75] | 67 (47) | 100 (70) |
| Patel A. [28] | India | Retrospective | Multi-center | 187 | Sep 2020–Dec 2020 | 57 ± 13 | 80 (150) | 60 (113) |
| Dubey S. [29] | India | Retrospective | Single-center | 46 | Apr 2021–Jun 2021 | 53 ± 10 | 64 (29) | 100 (46) |
| Bhanuprasad K. [30] | India | Prospective | Single-center | 132 | Jun 2020–Jul 2021 | 51 ± 12 | 77 (101) | 98 (129) |
| Selarka L. [31] | India | Prospective | Multi-center | 47 | Jan 2021–Mar 2021 | 55 ± 13 | 75 (35) | 77 (36) |
| Muthu V. [32] | India | Retrospective | Single-center | 31 | – | 53 [48–58] | 76 (23) | 75 (21) |
| Pakdel F. [33] | Iran | Cross-sectional | Multi-center | 15 | Apr 2020–Sep 2020 | 52 [14–71] | 66 (10) | 87 (13) |
| Meawed TE. [34] | India | Cross-sectional | Single-center, ICU | 11 | Oct 2020–Apr 2021 | – | – | – |
| Zirpe K. [35] | India | Retrospective | Single-center | 84 | Feb 2021–Jun 2021 | 49 ± 12 | 83 (70) | 64 (54) |
| Pal P. [36] | India | Prospective | Single-center | 31 | May 2021–Jun 2021 | 53 [20–78] | 68 (21) | 100 (31) |
| Pippal SK. [37] | India | Prospective | Single-center | 80 | May 2021–Aug 2021 | – | 69 (55) | 90 (72) |
| Ismaiel WF. [38] | Egypt | Retrospective | Single-center | 10 | – | – | – | – |
| Avatef Fazeli M. [39] | Iran | Retrospective | Single-center | 9 | Oct 2020–Nov 2020 | 59 | 33 (3) | 78 (7) |
| Goddanti N. [40] | India | Retrospective | Single-center | 300 | Apr 2021–Jun 2021 | 49 ± 12 | 74 (222) | 96 (287) |
| Kulkarni R. [41] | India | Retrospective | Multi-center | 49 | Dec 2020–Jun 2021 | 53 ± 11 | 71 (35) | 82 (40) |
| Dokania V. [42] | India | Prospective | Single-center | 21 | Apr 2021–Jun 2021 | 50 ± 14 | 71 (15) | 90 (19) |
| Nair AG. [43] | India | Retrospective | Multi-center | 13 | – | 36 [20–51] | 69 (9) | 0 (0) |
| Kumar S. [44] | India | Retrospective | Single-center | 287 | May 2021–Jul 2021 | – | 79 (227) | 80 (229) |
| Joshi AR. [45] | India | Retrospective | Single-center | 25 | Mar 2021–Apr 2021 | 55 ± 13 | – | 88 (22) |
| Choksi T. [46] | India | Retrospective | Single-center | 73 | Mar 2021–May 2021 | 54 ± 13 | 66 (48) | 74 (48) |
| Bansai SB. [47] | India | Retrospective | Single-center | 11 | Feb 2020–May 2021 | 47 ± 11 | 100 (11) | 64 (7) |
| Fouad YA. [48] | Egypt | Retrospective | Single-center | 26 | Apr 2021–Aug 2021 | 63 [46–70] | 54 (14) | 96 (25) |
| Meher R. [49] | Iran | Prospective | Single-center | 111 | May 2021–Jun 2021 | 53 ± 12 | 70 (78) | 94 (104) |
| Guzman-Castro S. [50] | UK | Retrospective | Single-center | 6 | May 2021 | 52 [45–57] | 83 (5) | 83 (5) |
| Kumar H. [51] | India | Retrospective | Single-center | 28 | Apr 2021–May 2021 | 54 [48–59] | 79 (22) | 75 (21) |
| Yadav T. [52] | India | Retrospective | Single-center | 50 | Dec 2020–Jun 2021 | 50 [28–70] | 62 (31) | 86 (43) |
| Meshram HS. [53] | India | Retrospective | Multi-center | 61 | Nov 2020–Jul 2021 | 45 [38–54] | 89 (54) | 49 (30) |
| Popli H. [54] | India | Retrospective | Single-center | 23 | Jul 2020–Jun 2021 | 48 ± 12 | 57 (13) | 78 (18) |
| Patel DD. [55] | India | Cross-sectional | Single-center | 96 | Mar 2021–May 2021 | 49 [21–76] | 73 (70) | 72 (69) |
| Sen M. [7] | India | Case series | Single-center | 5 | Aug 2020–Dec 2020 | 58 | 100 (5) | 100 (5) |
| Saidha PK. [9] | India | Case series | Single-center | 6 | – | [29–68] | 66 (4) | 100 (5) |
| Roushdy T. [56] | Egypt | Case series | Single-center | 2 | Jan 2021–Apr 2021 | [59–73] | 100 (2) | 100 (2) |
| Sai Krishna D. [57] | India | Case series | Single-center | 2 | – | [34–50] | 100 (2) | 100 (2) |
| Nehara HR. [58] | India | Case series | Single-center | 5 | – | [33–70] | 20 (1) | 100 (5) |
| Singh Y. [59] | India | Case series | Single-center | 13 | Nov 2020–Jan 2021 | [5–75] | 85 (11) | 62 (8) |
| Garg R. [60] | India | Case series | Single-center | 7 | May 2021 | [38–70] | 71 (5) | 100 (7) |
| Arana C. [61] | Spain | Case series | Single-center | 2 | – | [48–62] | 100 (2) | 50 (1) |
| Barman Roy D. [62] | India | Case series | Single-center | 2 | – | [39–50] | 50 (1) | 50 (1) |
| Ashour MM. [63] | Egypt | Case series | Single-center | 6 | – | [41–67] | 50 (3) | 100 (6) |
| Pal P. [64] | India | Case series | Single-center | 10 | May 2021–Jun 2021 | [28–66] | 60 (6) | 70 (7) |
| Riad A. [65] | Czech | Case series | Multi-center | 6 | Apr 2021–May 2021 | [47–68] | 71 (5) | 83 (5) |
| Said Ahmed WM. [66] | Egypt | Case series | Single-center | 14 | – | [29–77] | 71 (10) | 100 (14) |
| Alloush TK. [67] | Egypt | Case series | Single-center | 14 | May 2021–Jun 2021 | [49–82] | 64 (9) | 93 (!3) |
| Seidel D. [68] | Germany | Case series | Multi-center | 13 | Feb 2020–Jun 2021 | [30–75] | 62 (8) | 23 (3) |
| Author | HTN, % (N) | CKD, % (N) | Immunosuppression, % (N) | Malignancy, % (N) | Hypoxia, % (N) | Mechanical ventilation, % (N) | Corticosteroids treatment, % (N) | ICU admission, % (N) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moorthy A. [20] | – | – | – | – | – | – | 88 (15) | – |
| El-Kholy NA. [21] | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ravani SA. [22] | 53 (17) | 6.3 (2) | – | – | – | – | 100 (19) | – |
| Ramaswami A. [23] | 24 (17) | 8.6 (6) | 2.9 (2) | – | – | – | 70 (49) | – |
| Gupta NK. [24] | – | 6.8 (5) | – | 1.4 (1) | 69 (51) | – | 91 (67) | – |
| Mishra Y. [25] | 50 (16) | – | 0 (0) | – | 69 (22) | – | 94 (30) | – |
| Kumari A. [26] | – | 15 (3) | – | – | – | – | 80 (16) | – |
| Gupta DP. [27] | – | – | 7.1 (5) | 2.9 (2) | – | – | – | – |
| Patel A. [28] | – | – | 1.6 (3) | 1.1 (2) | 56 (74) | – | 78 (146) | 31 (58) |
| Dubey S. [29] | – | – | – | – | 72 (33) | 0 (0) | 52 (24) | – |
| Bhanuprasad K. [30] | – | 5.3 (7) | 1.5 (2) | – | 14 (19) | 2.3 (3) | 55 (73) | – |
| Selarka L. [31] | – | – | – | – | 81 (38) | 43 (20) | 100 (47) | – |
| Muthu V. [32] | 32 (9) | – | – | – | 55 (16) | 24 (7) | 71 (20) | – |
| Pakdel F. [33] | 47 (7) | – | – | 13 (2) | 60 (9) | 6.7 (1) | 47 (7) | – |
| Meawed TE. [34] | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Zirpe K. [35] | 37 (31) | 3.6 (3) | – | – | 68 (57) | – | 83 (70) | – |
| Pal P. [36] | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Pippal SK. [37] | 75 (60) | 1.3 (1) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ismaiel WF. [38] | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Avatef Fazeli M. [39] | 44 (4) | 22 (2) | 11 (1) | – | – | 13 (1) | 100 (7) | 25 (2) |
| Goddanti N. [40] | – | – | – | – | 60 (180) | – | 79 (237) | – |
| Kulkarni R. [41] | 37 (18) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Dokania V. [42] | 0.5 (1) | – | – | – | – | 4.8 (1) | 90 (19) | 19 (4) |
| Nair AG. [43] | – | – | – | – | 38 (5) | – | 54 (7) | – |
| Kumar S. [44] | – | – | – | – | – | – | 90 (257) | 23 (66) |
| Joshi AR. [45] | – | – | 8.0 (2) | – | 100 (25) | 48 (12) | 100 (25) | 100 (25) |
| Choksi T. [46] | – | – | – | – | 82 (60) | 4.1 (3) | 98 (58) | – |
| Bansai SB. [47] | 45 (5) | 100 (11) | 100 (11) | – | 36 (4) | 0 (0) | 36 (4) | – |
| Fouad YA. [48] | 27 (7) | 12 (3) | – | – | – | – | 77 (20) | – |
| Meher R. [49] | – | – | – | – | 27 (30) | 5.4 (6) | 60 (67) | 5.4 (6) |
| Guzman-Castro S. [50] | – | – | – | – | 50 (3) | 33 (2) | 100 (6) | – |
| Kumar H. [51] | – | – | – | – | 57 (16) | 21 (6) | 68 (19) | – |
| Yadav T. [52] | – | – | 2.0 (1) | – | 38 (19) | – | 44 (22) | – |
| Meshram HS. [53] | – | 100 (61) | 100 (61) | – | 67 (41) | 0 (0) | 44 (27) | – |
| Popli H. [54] | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Patel DD. [55] | 40 (38) | 2.1 (2) | – | – | 73 (70) | 6.3 (6) | 82 (79) | – |
| Sen M. [7] | – | – | – | – | – | – | 80 (4) | – |
| Saidha PK. [9] | – | – | – | – | – | – | 17 (1) | – |
| Roushdy T. [56] | 100 (2) | – | – | – | – | – | 50 (1) | – |
| Sai Krishna D. [57] | 50 (1) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Nehara HR. [58] | 40 (2) | – | – | – | – | 20 (1) | 40 (2) | – |
| Singh Y. [59] | 46 (6) | – | 15 (2) | 23 (3) | 85 (11) | 69 (9) | 77 (10) | 77 (10) |
| Garg R. [60] | – | – | – | 29 (2) | 0 (0) | 100 (7) | 0 (0) | |
| Arana C. [61] | 100 (2) | 100 (2) | 100 (2) | 100 (2) | 0 (0) | 100 (2) | 50 (1) | |
| Barman Roy D. [62] | – | – | – | 0 (0) | 0(0) | 50 (1) | – | |
| Ashour MM. [63] | – | 17 (1) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Pal P. [64] | – | 10 (1) | – | 30 (3) | – | 80 (8) | – | |
| Riad A. [65] | 17 (1) | – | – | 50 (3) | – | 100 (6) | – | |
| Said Ahmed WM. [66] | – | – | – | – | – | – | 21 (3) | |
| Alloush TK. [67] | 43 (6) | 14 (2) | – | 100 (14) | 0 (0) | 93 (13) | – | |
| Seidel D. [68] | – | 7.7 (1) | 38 (5) | – | 79 (11) | 79 (11) | 79 (11) |
Value is shown as mean ± SD or median [range]. The columns of hypoxia, mechanical ventilation, corticosteroids treatment, and ICU admission was the data regarding COVID-19 severity and management. Abbreviations: SD, Standard deviation; HTN, Hypertension; CKD, Chronic kidney disease; ICU, Intensive care units;