Gani 2010.

Methods	Study design: cost‐utility analysis, Markov model based on Oostenbrink 2005 Time horizon: 1 year Currency used, year of study: pounds (GBP), 2009
Participants	Analytic perspective: National Health Service UK (second‐party payer) Setting, country of study: primary and secondary care, UK Population: patients with COPD Effectiveness data: exacerbations from 6 multi‐centre, double‐blind, double‐dummy, parallel‐group RCTs (Brusasco 2003; Casaburi 2002; Vincken 2002) Utility scores: for health states obtained from an observational study (references original model, Oostenbrink 2005) Resource use and costs: treatments costs, hospitalisations, healthcare visits, physician visits, etc. Cost data via Delphi panel for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland
Interventions	Intervention: tiotropium 18 μg once daily via a HandiHaler Control 1: salmeterol 50 μg twice daily via a metered dose inhaler (MDI) Control 2: ipratropium 40 μg 4 times daily via a MDI
Outcomes	QALY, exacerbations, costs and utilities for patients with COPD
Notes	Sensitivity analysis: probability sensitivity analysis and one‐way sensitivity analysis based on either severity of COPD or exacerbation rate Funded by: Boehringer Ingelheim and Pfizer (manufacturer and co‐promoter of tiotropium)